Wang Heyu, Tong Yu, Wang Anqi, Li Ying, Lu Bofan, Li Hui, Jiao Lili, Wu Wei
Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 Apr 25;9:865077. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.865077. eCollection 2022.
Ginseng berry (GB) was the mature fruit of medicinal and edible herb, C.A. Meyer, with significant hypoglycemic effect. Ginsenoside was the main hypoglycemic active component of GB. Evaluating and screening the effective components of GB was of great significance to further develop its hypoglycemic effect.
The polar fractions of ginseng berry extract (GBE) were separated by a solvent extraction, and identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). The insulin resistance model of HepG2 cells was established, and the hypoglycemic active fraction in GBE polar fractions were screened . Rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was established to verify the hypoglycemic effect of the GBE active fraction. The metabolomic study based on UHPLC-MS was used to analyze the differential metabolites in the serum of T2DM rats after 30 days of intervention with hypoglycemic active GBE fraction. The kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was used to study the main metabolic pathways involved in the regulation of hypoglycemic active parts of GBE.
It was found that GBE-5 fraction had better hypoglycemic activity than other GBE polar fractions cell hypoglycemic activity screening experiment. After 30 days of treatment, the fasting blood glucose value of T2DM rats decreased significantly by 34.75%, indicating that it had significant hypoglycemic effect. Eighteen differential metabolites enriched in KEGG metabolic pathway were screened and identified in the rat serum from T2DM . GBE-5 group, and the metabolic pathways mainly involved in regulation include arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, linoleic acid (LA) metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and ferroptosis.
The hypoglycemic effect of GBE-5 fraction was better than that of total ginsenoside of GB. The AA metabolism, LA metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and ferroptosis were the potential metabolic pathways for GBE-5 fraction to exert hypoglycemic regulation.
人参果（GB）是药食同源草本植物人参的成熟果实，具有显著的降血糖作用。人参皂苷是人参果的主要降血糖活性成分。评估和筛选人参果的有效成分对进一步发挥其降血糖作用具有重要意义。
采用溶剂萃取法分离人参果提取物（GBE）的极性组分，通过超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱（UHPLC-MS）进行鉴定。建立HepG2细胞胰岛素抵抗模型，筛选GBE极性组分中的降血糖活性组分。建立2型糖尿病（T2DM）大鼠模型，验证GBE活性组分的降血糖作用。采用基于UHPLC-MS的代谢组学研究方法，分析T2DM大鼠经降血糖活性GBE组分干预30天后血清中的差异代谢物。运用京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）代谢途径富集分析，研究GBE降血糖活性部位调控所涉及的主要代谢途径。
在细胞降血糖活性筛选实验中，发现GBE-5组分比其他GBE极性组分具有更好的降血糖活性。治疗30天后，T2DM大鼠的空腹血糖值显著降低了34.75%，表明其具有显著的降血糖作用。在T2DM大鼠血清中筛选并鉴定出18种富集于KEGG代谢途径的差异代谢物，GBE-5组涉及的主要调控代谢途径包括花生四烯酸（AA）代谢、亚油酸（LA）代谢、不饱和脂肪酸生物合成和铁死亡。
GBE-5组分的降血糖效果优于人参果总皂苷。AA代谢、LA代谢、不饱和脂肪酸生物合成和铁死亡是GBE-5组分发挥降血糖调控作用的潜在代谢途径。
