Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Molecules. 2021 Jan 8;26(2):284. doi: 10.3390/molecules26020284.
Ginseng berry pomace (GBP) is a byproduct of ginseng berry processing and is rich in numerous bioactive components, including ginsenosides and their derivatives. The application of GBP as a beneficial biomaterial is currently limited. In this study, we aimed to evaluate their potential as a promising source of bioactive compounds using metabolite profiling. The GBP obtained after different ultra-high-pressure (UHP) treatments was analyzed by GC-TOF-MS and UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS. In multivariate analyses, we observed a clear demarcation between the control and UHP-treated groups. The results demonstrated that the relative abundance of primary metabolites and a few ginsenosides was higher in the control, whereas UHP treatment contained higher levels of fatty acids and sugars. Furthermore, GBPs were fractionated using different solvents, followed by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS analyses. The heatmap revealed that phenolics (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol) and fewer polar ginsenosides (e.g., F4, Rh2) were abundant in the ethyl acetate fraction, whereas the levels of lignans (e.g., 7-hydroxysecoisolariciresinol, syringaresinol) and fatty acids (e.g., trihydroxy-octadecenoic acid, oxo-dihydroxy-octadecenoic acid) were high in chloroform. Correlation analysis showed that phenolics, less polar ginsenosides, and fatty acids were positively correlated with the antioxidant activity of GBP. Our study highlights GBP as a functional ingredient for the development of high-quality ginseng berry products.
人参浆果渣（GBP）是人参浆果加工的副产品，富含多种生物活性成分，包括人参皂苷及其衍生物。目前，GBP 作为有益生物材料的应用受到限制。在这项研究中，我们旨在通过代谢组学评估其作为有前途的生物活性化合物来源的潜力。采用 GC-TOF-MS 和 UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS 对不同超高压（UHP）处理后获得的 GBP 进行分析。在多变量分析中，我们观察到对照组和 UHP 处理组之间有明显的划分。结果表明，对照处理组中初级代谢物和少数人参皂苷的相对丰度较高，而 UHP 处理组中脂肪酸和糖的含量较高。此外，我们还使用不同的溶剂对 GBPs 进行了分级，然后进行 UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS 分析。热图显示，乙酸乙酯部分含有丰富的酚类（如槲皮素、山奈酚）和较少的极性人参皂苷（如 F4、Rh2），而氯仿部分含有丰富的木脂素（如 7-羟基-脱甲氧基异落叶松脂素、丁香树脂醇）和脂肪酸（如三羟基-十八烯酸、氧代-二羟基-十八烯酸）。相关性分析表明，酚类、较少极性的人参皂苷和脂肪酸与人参浆果渣的抗氧化活性呈正相关。我们的研究强调了 GBP 作为开发高质量人参浆果产品的功能性成分的重要性。
