Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.
Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.
Science. 2022 Jun 17;376(6599):eabh3104. doi: 10.1126/science.abh3104.
A hallmark of meiosis is chromosomal pairing, which requires telomere tethering and rotation on the nuclear envelope through microtubules, driving chromosome homology searches. Telomere pulling toward the centrosome forms the "zygotene chromosomal bouquet." Here, we identified the "zygotene cilium" in oocytes. This cilium provides a cable system for the bouquet machinery and extends throughout the germline cyst. Using zebrafish mutants and live manipulations, we demonstrate that the cilium anchors the centrosome to counterbalance telomere pulling. The cilium is essential for bouquet and synaptonemal complex formation, oogenesis, ovarian development, and fertility. Thus, a cilium represents a conserved player in zebrafish and mouse meiosis, which sheds light on reproductive aspects in ciliopathies and suggests that cilia can control chromosomal dynamics.
减数分裂的一个标志是染色体配对，这需要通过微管将端粒系绳并在核膜上旋转，从而驱动染色体同源搜索。端粒向中心体拉动形成“合线期染色体花束”。在这里，我们在卵母细胞中鉴定出了“合线期纤毛”。这个纤毛为花束机械装置提供了一个电缆系统，并延伸穿过生殖细胞囊。利用斑马鱼突变体和活体操作，我们证明纤毛将中心体固定在原位以抵消端粒的拉动。纤毛对于花束和联会复合体的形成、卵子发生、卵巢发育和生育能力是必不可少的。因此，纤毛是斑马鱼和小鼠减数分裂中保守的参与者，这为纤毛病中的生殖方面提供了启示，并表明纤毛可以控制染色体动力学。
