Department of Pediatrics, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain.
Department of Clinical Analysis, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain.
BMC Pediatr. 2022 May 12;22(1):274. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03330-1.
In recent decades, a global increase in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has been observed in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
This retrospective, cross-sectional, population study examined three groups (1986, 2007, and 2018) of children and adolescents aged < 16 years diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the World Health Organization recommendations.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in diabetic children and adolescents was 30.2% (95% CI: 23.1-38.3). There was a significant increase from 1986 to 2007 (11.9% to 41.7%, p = 0.002) and from 1986 to 2018 (11.9% to 34.8%, p = 0.012), but no significant differences were found from 2007 to 2018 (41.7% to 34.8%, p = 0.492). The age at diagnosis was lower in the group with excess body mass (p = 0.037). No significant differences were observed in age (p = 0.690), duration of diabetes (p = 0.163), distribution according to sex (p = 0.452), metabolic control (HbA1c, p = 0.909), or insulin units kg/day (p = 0.566), between diabetic patients with overweight or obesity and those with normal weight. From 2007 to 2018, the use of insulin analogs (p = 0.009) and a higher number of insulin doses (p = 0.007) increased significantly, with no increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in diabetic children and adolescents increased in the 1990s and the beginning of the twenty-first century, with stabilization in the last decade. Metabolic control and DM1 treatment showed no association with this trend.
近年来，1 型糖尿病儿童和青少年的超重和肥胖患病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。
本回顾性、横断面、人群研究纳入了三组（1986 年、2007 年和 2018 年）<16 岁诊断为 1 型糖尿病的儿童和青少年。超重和肥胖根据世界卫生组织的建议进行定义。
糖尿病儿童和青少年超重和肥胖的患病率为 30.2%（95%CI：23.1-38.3）。从 1986 年到 2007 年（11.9%到 41.7%，p=0.002）和从 1986 年到 2018 年（11.9%到 34.8%，p=0.012），这一比例显著增加，但 2007 年至 2018 年之间无显著差异（41.7%到 34.8%，p=0.492）。超重组的诊断年龄较低（p=0.037）。年龄（p=0.690）、糖尿病病程（p=0.163）、性别分布（p=0.452）、代谢控制（HbA1c，p=0.909）或胰岛素单位 kg/天（p=0.566）在超重或肥胖的糖尿病患者与体重正常的患者之间无显著差异。从 2007 年到 2018 年，胰岛素类似物的使用（p=0.009）和胰岛素剂量的增加（p=0.007）显著增加，但超重和肥胖的患病率并未增加。
1990 年代和 21 世纪初，1 型糖尿病儿童和青少年超重和肥胖的患病率上升，在过去十年中趋于稳定。代谢控制和糖尿病 1 型治疗与这一趋势无关。
