Free Christopher M, Moore Stephanie K, Trainer Vera L
Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA; Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA.
Harmful Algae. 2022 May;114:102226. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102226. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can produce biotoxins that accumulate in seafood species targeted by commercial, recreational, and subsistence fisheries and pose an increasing risk to public health as well as fisher livelihoods, recreational opportunities, and food security. Designing biotoxin monitoring and management programs that protect public health with minimal impacts to the fishing communities that underpin coastal livelihoods and food systems is critically important, especially in regions with worsening HABs due to climate change. This study reviews the history of domoic acid monitoring and management in the highly lucrative U.S. West Coast Dungeness crab fishery and highlights three changes made to these programs that efficiently and adaptively manage mounting HAB risk: (1) expanded spatial-temporal frequency of monitoring; (2) delineation of clear management zones; and (3) authorization of evisceration orders as a strategy to mitigate economic impacts. Simulation models grounded in historical data were used to measure the value of monitoring information in facilitating efficient domoic acid management. Power analysis confirmed that surveys sampling 6 crabs (the current protocol) have high power to correctly diagnose contamination levels and recommend appropriate management actions. Across a range of contamination scenarios, increasing the spatial-temporal frequency of monitoring allowed management to respond more quickly to changing toxin levels and to protect public health with the least impact on fishing opportunities. These results highlight the powerful yet underutilized role of simulation testing and power analysis in designing efficient biotoxin monitoring programs, demonstrating the credibility of these programs to stakeholders, and justifying their expense to policymakers.
有害藻华（HABs）会产生生物毒素，这些毒素会在商业、休闲和自给性渔业所捕捞的海产品中积累，对公众健康以及渔民生计、休闲机会和粮食安全构成越来越大的风险。设计生物毒素监测和管理计划，在对支撑沿海生计和粮食系统的渔业社区影响最小的情况下保护公众健康，至关重要，特别是在因气候变化而有害藻华情况恶化的地区。本研究回顾了美国西海岸利润丰厚的珍宝蟹渔业中软骨藻酸监测和管理的历史，并强调了对这些计划所做的三项改变，这些改变有效地且适应性地管理了不断增加的有害藻华风险：（1）扩大监测的时空频率；（2）划定明确的管理区域；（3）授权下达去内脏指令作为减轻经济影响的策略。基于历史数据的模拟模型被用来衡量监测信息在促进有效软骨藻酸管理方面的价值。功效分析证实，对6只螃蟹进行抽样调查（当前方案）有很高的功效来正确诊断污染水平并推荐适当的管理行动。在一系列污染情景中，增加监测的时空频率使管理部门能够更快地应对不断变化的毒素水平，并在对捕捞机会影响最小的情况下保护公众健康。这些结果凸显了模拟测试和功效分析在设计高效生物毒素监测计划中的强大但未得到充分利用的作用，向利益相关者证明了这些计划的可信度，并向政策制定者证明了其成本的合理性。
