抑郁和精神病风险在发育过程中、症状维度和家族风险方面共享运动体征的易感性。
Depression and Psychosis Risk Shared Vulnerability for Motor Signs Across Development, Symptom Dimensions, and Familial Risk.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston/Chicago, IL, USA.
出版信息
Schizophr Bull. 2022 Jun 21;48(4):752-762. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbab133.
BACKGROUND
Motor abnormalities are strong transdiagnostic indicators of psychopathology risk that reflect emerging neural network abnormalities. Indeed, motor signs, such as motor slowing and agitation, are widely recognized as core features of both psychosis and depression. However, it is unclear whether these reflect shared or distinct etiology.
METHODS
A sample of 11 878 adolescents completed self-reported clinical measures of rated psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and depression. Familial risk for psychopathology and the presence of motor signs were drawn from parental reports, including developmental motor delays (eg, sitting, walking), and adolescent motor signs (eg, dyscoordination, psychomotor retardation, and psychomotor agitation). Finally, motor network connectivity in theoretically relevant networks (cortico-striatal, cortico-thalamic, and cortico-cerebellar) were related to symptoms and familial risk for psychopathology.
RESULTS
Developmental motor delays related to increased PLEs, increased depression symptoms, and greater familial risk. Familial risk for both PLEs and depression showed higher rates of developmental motor delays than all other groups. Adolescent motor signs, however, showed unique patterns of relationships to symptoms and familial risk such that dyscoordination reflected risk for PLEs, both psychomotor agitation and retardation reflected depression risk, and psychomotor agitation reflected transdiagnostic risk. Cortico-striatal connectivity was related to depression and PLEs, but cortico-cerebellar connectivity was linked to PLEs only.
CONCLUSIONS
Motor signs may be a transdiagnostic marker of vulnerability for psychopathology. Early developmental motor delays could belie pluripotent, familial risk features. Unique items, eg, dyscoordination specifically related to PLEs, possibly reflecting processes inherent in distinct emerging forms of psychopathology.
背景
运动异常是精神病理学风险的强跨诊断指标，反映了新兴神经网络异常。事实上，运动迹象，如运动迟缓和躁动，被广泛认为是精神病和抑郁症的核心特征。然而，目前尚不清楚这些是否反映了共同或不同的病因。
方法
11878 名青少年完成了自我报告的精神病样体验（PLEs）和抑郁的临床评定量表。精神病理学的家族风险和运动迹象是从父母报告中得出的，包括发育性运动迟缓（如坐、走）和青少年运动迹象（如运动不协调、运动迟缓和运动躁动）。最后，理论相关网络（皮质-纹状体、皮质-丘脑和皮质-小脑）中的运动网络连接与症状和精神病理学的家族风险有关。
结果
发育性运动迟缓与 PLEs 增加、抑郁症状增加和家族风险增加有关。PLEs 和抑郁的家族风险比其他所有组都有更高的发育性运动迟缓发生率。然而，青少年运动迹象与症状和家族风险之间存在独特的关系模式，运动不协调反映了 PLEs 的风险，运动迟缓和躁动都反映了抑郁的风险，而运动躁动反映了跨诊断的风险。皮质-纹状体连接与抑郁和 PLEs 有关，但皮质-小脑连接仅与 PLEs 有关。
结论
运动迹象可能是精神病理学易感性的跨诊断标志物。早期发育性运动迟缓可能掩盖了多能性、家族风险特征。独特的项目，例如，运动不协调与 PLEs 特别相关，可能反映了不同新兴形式的精神病理学固有的过程。
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