静息态功能连接与儿童期精神病样体验：来自青少年大脑认知发展研究的结果。
Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Psychotic-like Experiences in Childhood: Results From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
出版信息
Biol Psychiatry. 2019 Jul 1;86(1):7-15. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.01.013. Epub 2019 Jan 26.
BACKGROUND
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) during childhood are associated with greater risk of developing a psychotic disorder (and other mental disorders), highlighting the importance of identifying neural correlates of childhood PLEs. Three major cortical networks-the cingulo-opercular network (CON), default mode network (DMN), and frontoparietal network-are consistently implicated in psychosis and PLEs in adults. However, it is unclear whether variation in functional connectivity is associated with PLEs in school-aged children.
METHODS
Using hierarchical linear models, we examined the relationships between childhood PLEs and resting-state functional connectivity of the CON, DMN, and frontoparietal network, as well as the other networks, using an a priori network parcellation, using data from 9- to 11-year-olds (n = 3434) in the ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) study. We examined within-network, between-network, and subcortical connectivity.
RESULTS
Decreased CON and DMN connectivity, as well as cinguloparietal (CPAR) network connectivity, were associated with greater PLEs, even after accounting for family history of psychotic disorders, internalizing symptoms, and cognitive performance. Decreased DMN connectivity was more strongly associated with increased delusional ideation, whereas decreased CON connectivity was more strongly associated with increased perceptual distortions. Increased CON-cerebellar and decreased CPAR-cerebellar connectivity were also associated with increased PLEs, and CPAR-cerebellar connectivity was more strongly associated with increased perceptual distortions.
CONCLUSIONS
Consistent with hypotheses about the dimensionality of psychosis, our results provide novel evidence that neural correlates of PLEs, such as reduced functional connectivity of higher-order cognitive networks, are present even in school-aged children. The results provide further validation for continuity of PLEs across the life span.
背景
儿童期出现类似精神病的体验（PLEs）与发展为精神病性障碍（和其他精神障碍）的风险增加相关，这凸显了确定儿童期 PLEs 的神经相关性的重要性。三个主要的皮质网络——扣带-眼窝额皮质网络（CON）、默认模式网络（DMN）和额顶网络——在成人精神分裂症和 PLEs 中一直被涉及。然而，尚不清楚功能连接的变化是否与学龄儿童的 PLEs 相关。
方法
我们使用分层线性模型，使用 ABCD（青少年大脑认知发展）研究中 9 至 11 岁（n=3434）的数据，通过预先设定的网络分割，检查了儿童期 PLEs 与 CON、DMN 和额顶网络的静息态功能连接以及其他网络之间的关系。我们检查了内网络、外网络和皮质下连接。
结果
即使在考虑到精神病家族史、内化症状和认知表现后，CON 和 DMN 连接以及扣带顶叶（CPAR）网络连接的降低与 PLEs 增加相关。DMN 连接的降低与妄想观念的增加更相关，而 CON 连接的降低与感知扭曲的增加更相关。CON-小脑和 CPAR-小脑连接的增加也与 PLEs 增加相关，CPAR-小脑连接的降低与感知扭曲的增加更相关。
结论
与精神分裂症的维度假说一致，我们的结果提供了新的证据，表明 PLEs 的神经相关性，如高阶认知网络的功能连接减少，即使在学龄儿童中也存在。这些结果进一步验证了 PLEs 在整个生命周期中的连续性。
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