Dong Xiaoyu, Qu Shengtao
Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2022 Apr 26;13:877872. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.877872. eCollection 2022.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and memory loss in the elderly, which seriously affects the quality of their lives. Currently, the pathogenesis of AD remains unclear. Molecular biologists have proposed a variety of hypotheses, including the amyloid-β hypothesis, tau hyperphosphorylation hypothesis, cholinergic neuron injury, inflammation caused by an abnormal immune response, and gene mutation. Drugs based on these pathological studies, including cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, have achieved a certain level of efficacy but are far from meeting clinical needs. In the recent years, some important advances have been made in the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of AD. (Vant.) Hand-Mazz. (EBHM) is an important medicinal plant distributed in Yunnan Province, China. Studies have shown that EBHM and its active ingredients have a variety of pharmacological effects with good therapeutic effects and wide application prospects for cognitive disability-related diseases. However, to our best knowledge, only few review articles have been published on the anti-AD effects of EBHM. Through a literature review, we identified the possible pathogenesis of AD, discussed the cultivation and phytochemistry of EBHM, and summarized the pharmacological mechanism of EBHM and its active ingredients in the treatment of AD to provide suggestions regarding anti-AD therapy as well as a broader insight into the therapeutic potential of EBHM.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的神经退行性疾病，其特征是老年人出现进行性认知功能障碍和记忆力丧失，严重影响他们的生活质量。目前，AD的发病机制仍不清楚。分子生物学家提出了多种假说，包括淀粉样β蛋白假说、tau蛋白过度磷酸化假说、胆碱能神经元损伤、异常免疫反应引起的炎症以及基因突变。基于这些病理研究的药物，包括胆碱酯酶抑制剂和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体拮抗剂，已经取得了一定程度的疗效，但远远不能满足临床需求。近年来，中医药治疗AD取得了一些重要进展。（Vant.）Hand-Mazz.（EBHM）是一种分布于中国云南省的重要药用植物。研究表明，EBHM及其活性成分具有多种药理作用，对认知障碍相关疾病具有良好的治疗效果和广阔的应用前景。然而，据我们所知，关于EBHM抗AD作用的综述文章很少。通过文献综述，我们确定了AD可能的发病机制，讨论了EBHM的栽培和植物化学，并总结了EBHM及其活性成分治疗AD的药理机制，为抗AD治疗提供建议，并更深入地了解EBHM的治疗潜力。
