Cardiff School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Senghennydd Road, Cardiff, CF24 4AG, UK.
Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1513 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 May 13;22(1):639. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08061-8.
Pre-hospital and emergency services in Indonesia are still developing. Despite recent improvements in the Indonesian healthcare system, issues with the provision of pre-hospital and emergency services persist. The demand for pre-hospital and emergency services has not been the subject of previous research and, therefore, has not been fully understood. Our research explored the utilization of emergency medical services by patients attending hospital emergency departments in Jakarta, Indonesia.
The study used a cross-sectional survey design involving five general hospitals (four government-funded and one private). Each patient's demographic profile, medical conditions, time to treatment, and mode of transport to reach the hospital were analysed using descriptive statistics.
A total of 1964 (62%) patients were surveyed. The median age of patients was 44 years with an interquartile range (IQR) of 26 to 58 years. Life-threatening conditions such as trauma and cardiovascular disease were found in 8.6 and 6.6% of patients, respectively. The majority of patients with trauma travelled to the hospital using a motorcycle or car (59.8%). An ambulance was used by only 9.3% of all patients and 38% of patients reported that they were not aware of the availability of ambulances. Ambulance response time was longer as compared to other modes of transportation (median: 24 minutes and IQR: 12 to 54 minutes). The longest time to treatment was experienced by patients with neurological disease, with a median time of 120 minutes (IQR: 78 to 270 minutes). Patients who used ambulances incurred higher costs as compared to those patients who did not use ambulances.
The low utilization of emergency ambulances in Jakarta could be contributed to patients' lack of awareness of medical symptoms and the existence of ambulance services, and patients' disinclination to use ambulances due to high costs and long response times. The emergency ambulance services can be improved by increasing population awareness on symptoms that warrant the use of ambulances and reducing the cost burden related to ambulance use.
印度尼西亚的院前和急救服务仍在发展中。尽管印度尼西亚的医疗保健系统最近有所改善，但院前和急救服务的提供仍存在问题。以前的研究没有涉及对院前和急救服务的需求，因此没有充分了解。我们的研究探讨了印度尼西亚雅加达医院急诊部就诊患者对紧急医疗服务的利用情况。
该研究采用了横断面调查设计，涉及五家综合医院（四家政府资助和一家私立医院）。使用描述性统计方法分析每位患者的人口统计学特征、医疗状况、治疗时间和到达医院的交通方式。
共调查了 1964 名（62%）患者。患者的中位年龄为 44 岁，四分位距（IQR）为 26 至 58 岁。分别有 8.6%和 6.6%的患者有生命威胁的情况，如创伤和心血管疾病。大多数创伤患者使用摩托车或汽车（59.8%）前往医院。只有 9.3%的所有患者和 38%的患者报告说他们不知道救护车的可用性。救护车的响应时间比其他交通方式长（中位数：24 分钟，IQR：12 至 54 分钟）。神经系统疾病患者的治疗时间最长，中位数为 120 分钟（IQR：78 至 270 分钟）。使用救护车的患者比未使用救护车的患者产生更高的费用。
雅加达紧急救护车的利用率低可能是由于患者对医疗症状和救护车服务的认识不足，以及由于成本高和响应时间长，患者不愿意使用救护车。可以通过提高公众对需要使用救护车的症状的认识，并减轻与使用救护车相关的费用负担，来改善紧急救护车服务。
