School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 3;23(9):5063. doi: 10.3390/ijms23095063.
The hematopoietic cell system is a complex ecosystem that meets the steady-state and emergency needs of the production of the mature blood cell types. Steady-state hematopoiesis replaces worn out cells, and the hematopoietic system is highly adaptive to needs during, for example, an infection or bleeding. Hematopoiesis is highly integrated and the cell hierarchy behaves in a highly social manner. The social tailoring of hematopoietic stem cells to needs includes the generation of cells that are biased towards a cell lineage; these cells remain versatile and can still adopt a different pathway having made a lineage "choice", and some cytokines instruct the lineage fate of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Leukemia stem cells, which may well often arise from the transformation of a hematopoietic stem cell, sustain the hierarchy of cells for leukemia. Unlike hematopoietic stem cells, the offspring of leukemia stem cells belongs to just one cell lineage. The human leukemias are classified by virtue of their differentiating or partially differentiating cells belonging to just one cell lineage. Some oncogenes set the fate of leukemia stem cells to a single lineage. Therefore, lineage restriction may be largely an attribute whereby leukemia stem cells escape from the normal cellular society. Additional antisocial behaviors are that leukemia cells destroy and alter bone marrow stromal niches, and they can create their own niches.
造血细胞系统是一个复杂的生态系统，满足成熟血细胞类型的稳态和应急需求。稳态造血替换磨损的细胞，造血系统高度适应于例如感染或出血等情况下的需求。造血是高度集成的，细胞层次表现出高度社会化的行为。造血干细胞对需求的社会化定制包括偏向细胞谱系的细胞的产生；这些细胞仍然具有多功能性，并且在做出谱系“选择”后仍然可以采用不同的途径，一些细胞因子指示造血干细胞和祖细胞的谱系命运。白血病干细胞可能经常从造血干细胞的转化中产生，维持白血病的细胞层次。与造血干细胞不同，白血病干细胞的后代仅属于一个细胞谱系。人类白血病因其仅属于一个细胞谱系的分化或部分分化细胞而分类。一些癌基因将白血病干细胞的命运设定为单一谱系。因此，谱系限制可能在很大程度上是白血病干细胞逃避正常细胞社会的属性。其他反社会行为是白血病细胞破坏和改变骨髓基质龛，并且它们可以创建自己的龛。
