Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 4;23(9):5109. doi: 10.3390/ijms23095109.
The tobacco-specific -nitrosamines 4-(-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and '-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) always occur together and exclusively in tobacco products or in environments contaminated by tobacco smoke. They have been classified as "carcinogenic to humans" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In 1998, we published a review of the biochemistry, biology and carcinogenicity of tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Over the past 20 years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanisms of metabolism and DNA adduct formation by these two important carcinogens, along with progress on their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. In this review, we aim to provide an update on the carcinogenicity and mechanisms of the metabolism and DNA interactions of NNK and NNN.
烟草特有的 -亚硝胺 4-(-亚硝甲基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮 (NNK) 和 '-亚硝降烟碱 (NNN) 总是一起存在，且仅存在于烟草制品或受烟草烟雾污染的环境中。国际癌症研究机构已将它们归类为“对人类致癌”。1998 年，我们发表了一篇关于烟草特异性亚硝胺的生物化学、生物学和致癌性的综述。在过去的 20 年里，我们对这两种重要致癌物质的代谢和 DNA 加合物形成机制的理解取得了相当大的进展，同时也对它们的致癌性和致突变性有了更多的了解。在这篇综述中，我们旨在提供关于 NNK 和 NNN 的致癌性以及代谢和 DNA 相互作用机制的最新信息。
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