Khandelwal Shweta, Kondal Dimple, Chakravarti Anindita Ray, Dutta Soumam, Banerjee Bipsa, Chaudhry Monica, Patil Kamal, Swamy Mallaiah Kenchaveeraiah, Ramakrishnan Usha, Prabhakaran Dorairaj, Tandon Nikhil, Stein Aryeh D
Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi NCR 122002, India.
Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi 110016, India.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 22;19(9):5088. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095088.
Poor infant young child feeding (IYCF) practices result in malnutrition, poor psychosocial development, poor school performance and less productivity in later life, thereby perpetuating a vicious cycle. The current study aims to characterize the IYCF practices during the first year of life in a maternal-child birth cohort (DHANI) in Belagavi, Karnataka, India. We collected data from the dyad at birth, 6 and 12 months postpartum. We examined dietary diversity among these infants at 12 months using WHO criteria. A total of 902 live births were recorded, and 878 mother-child pairs completed the 12-month follow up. The overall prevalence of early (within 1 h of delivery) initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) was 77.9%, and that of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 6 months was 52.4%. At 12 months, most (90%) infants were breastfed, while 39% also received formula. The large majority (94.4%) of infants met minimum meal frequency (MMF), but only 55% of infants were receiving a minimum acceptable diet (MAD). The mean dietary diversity (DD) score was 4.7 ± 1.1. Only 21.9% of infants consumed egg and/or flesh food. A large proportion (33.8%) of infants received no vegetables and/or fruits till 12 months of age. Consumption of sweet beverage was 4.8%, but consumption of ultra-processed foods high in trans-fats, sugars and salt was high (85.8%). High-quality, sustainable and scalable interventions to enhance knowledge and support positive behaviour change for adopting and implementing better IYCF practices may be urgently needed in low- and middle-income group settings to improve diet diversity and overall nutritional intake amongst young children.
不良的婴幼儿喂养（IYCF）习惯会导致营养不良、心理社会发育不良、学业成绩不佳以及成年后生产力低下，从而形成恶性循环。本研究旨在描述印度卡纳塔克邦贝拉加维母婴出生队列（DHANI）中一岁以内的婴幼儿喂养习惯。我们在出生时、产后6个月和12个月收集了母婴二元组的数据。我们使用世界卫生组织的标准检查了这些婴儿在12个月时的饮食多样性。共记录了902例活产，878对母婴完成了12个月的随访。早期（分娩后1小时内）开始母乳喂养（EIBF）的总体患病率为77.9%，6个月时纯母乳喂养（EBF）的患病率为52.4%。在12个月时，大多数（90%）婴儿仍在接受母乳喂养，而39%的婴儿也食用配方奶。绝大多数（94.4%）婴儿达到了最低进餐频率（MMF），但只有55%的婴儿接受了最低可接受饮食（MAD）。平均饮食多样性（DD）得分为4.7±1.1。只有21.9%的婴儿食用了鸡蛋和/或肉类食品。很大一部分（33.8%）婴儿直到12个月大时都没有食用蔬菜和/或水果。甜饮料的消费量为4.8%，但反式脂肪、糖和盐含量高的超加工食品的消费量很高（85.8%）。在低收入和中等收入群体环境中，可能迫切需要高质量、可持续且可扩展的干预措施，以增强知识并支持积极的行为改变，从而采用和实施更好的婴幼儿喂养习惯，以改善幼儿的饮食多样性和总体营养摄入量。
