Tahir Muna J, Ejima Keisuke, Li Peng, Demerath Ellen W, Allison David B, Fields David A
Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
Matern Child Nutr. 2021 Apr;17(2):e13105. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13105. Epub 2020 Nov 3.
The objective of this study was to investigate the associations of mode of feeding with infant anthropometric and body composition variables at 6 months of age. We studied 259 infants whose exclusive mode of feeding (breast or formula) to 1 month was confirmed. Standard anthropometric characteristics of the infants (weight, length and weight-for-length z scores) were obtained, and body composition (total fat mass, fat-free mass, trunk fat mass and body fat percent) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at 6 months (±12 days). General linear models were used to test the associations of mode of feeding with infant anthropometric and body composition variables at 6 months after adjustment for maternal and infant covariates. In this cohort of predominantly breastfed, White infants of highly educated mothers, fat-free mass was lower (P = .002), and trunk fat mass (P = .032) and body fat percent (P < .001) were greater in breastfed infants than in formula-fed infants at 6 months of age. After adjustment for covariates, total fat-free mass was significantly lower (β = -372 g, [SE = 125, P = .003]), and body fat percent was significantly greater (β = 3.30, [SE = 0.91, P < .001]) in breastfed infants than in formula-fed infants. No other significant associations were observed. These findings support those of previous studies reporting greater fat-free mass in formula-fed infants during the first 6 months of life. Additional research is warranted to explore whether differences in infant body composition by mode of feeding persist throughout the life course and to assess causality.
本研究的目的是调查喂养方式与6月龄婴儿人体测量指标及身体成分变量之间的关联。我们研究了259名婴儿，这些婴儿纯母乳喂养（母乳或配方奶）至1月龄的情况得到了确认。获取了婴儿的标准人体测量特征（体重、身长及身长别体重z评分），并在6月龄（±12天）时使用双能X线吸收法（DXA）测量了身体成分（总脂肪量、去脂体重、躯干脂肪量及体脂百分比）。采用一般线性模型，在对母婴协变量进行调整后，检验喂养方式与6月龄婴儿人体测量指标及身体成分变量之间的关联。在这个以母乳喂养为主、母亲受过高等教育的白人婴儿队列中，6月龄时，母乳喂养婴儿的去脂体重较低（P = 0.002），躯干脂肪量（P = 0.032）和体脂百分比（P < 0.001）高于配方奶喂养婴儿。在对协变量进行调整后，母乳喂养婴儿的总去脂体重显著更低（β = -372 g，[标准误 = 125，P = 0.003]），体脂百分比显著更高（β = 3.30，[标准误 = 0.91，P < 0.001]）。未观察到其他显著关联。这些发现支持了先前研究的结果，即配方奶喂养婴儿在出生后的前6个月去脂体重更大。有必要进行进一步研究，以探讨喂养方式导致的婴儿身体成分差异是否在整个生命过程中持续存在，并评估因果关系。
