Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 30;19(9):5477. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095477.
Exposure to small public urban green spaces (SPUGS) has been demonstrated to have mental benefits for older adults. However, studies on identifying the objective environmental features of SPUGS and their effects on mental restoration for older adults remain limited. This study employed a multilevel regression model to investigate the restorative and vitalizing effects of the environmental features of 11 SPUGS in Tokyo. Onsite measurements were conducted in Kita-Ku, and 202 older adults were surveyed. The results showed that: (1) The fitting curve of the green view index and Restoration Outcome Scale (ROS) score showed an inverted U shape-both green view index and boundary enclosure had a strong impact on the mental restoration of older adults; (2) The colorfulness index showed the strongest relationship with the vitalizing effect. (3) The sky view factor and number of seats only influenced the ROS score, while the results of revitalization suggest that large areas of water should be avoided. (4) Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) was also confirmed to have negative effects on the mental restoration of older adults in autumn. These empirical findings can be used as a resource to promote the mental health of older adults in the design of SPUGS in high-density Asian countries.
暴露于小型城市公共绿地（SPUGS）已被证明对老年人有心理益处。然而，关于确定 SPUGS 的客观环境特征及其对老年人心理恢复的影响的研究仍然有限。本研究采用多层次回归模型，调查了东京 11 个 SPUGS 的环境特征的恢复和活力效应。在北区进行了现场测量，并对 202 名老年人进行了调查。结果表明：（1）绿色视野指数和恢复结果量表（ROS）得分的拟合曲线呈倒 U 形——绿色视野指数和边界封闭对老年人的心理恢复都有很强的影响；（2）色彩指数与活力效应的关系最强。（3）天空视角因子和座位数量仅影响 ROS 得分，而恢复活力的结果表明应避免大面积的水。（4）生理等效温度（PET）也被证实会对秋季老年人的心理恢复产生负面影响。这些经验发现可以作为资源，在高密度亚洲国家设计 SPUGS 时，促进老年人的心理健康。
