Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy.
Nutrients. 2022 Apr 23;14(9):1766. doi: 10.3390/nu14091766.
Food allergies are an increasing health problem worldwide. They are multifactorial diseases, in which the genome alone does not explain the development of the disease, but a genetic predisposition and various environmental factors contribute to their onset. Environmental factors, in particular nutritional factors, in the early stages of life are recognized as key elements in the etiology of food allergies. There is growing evidence advising that nutrition can affect the risk of developing food allergies through epigenetic mechanisms elicited by the nutritional factors themselves or by modulating the gut microbiota and its functional products. Gut microbiota and postbiotics can in turn influence the risk of food allergy development through epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic programming accounts not only for the short-term effects on the individual's health status, but also for those observed in adulthood. The first thousand days of life represent an important window of susceptibility in which environmental factors, including nutritional ones, can influence the risk of developing allergies through epigenetic mechanisms. From this point of view, it represents an interesting window of opportunity and intervention. This review reports the main nutritional factors that in the early stages of life can influence immune oral tolerance through the modulation of epigenetic mechanisms.
食物过敏是全球范围内日益严重的健康问题。它们是多因素疾病，仅基因组并不能解释疾病的发展，而是遗传易感性和各种环境因素促成了疾病的发生。环境因素，特别是生命早期的营养因素，被认为是食物过敏发病机制中的关键因素。越来越多的证据表明，营养可以通过营养因素本身或通过调节肠道微生物群及其功能产物引起的表观遗传机制，影响食物过敏的风险。肠道微生物群和后生元可以通过表观遗传机制反过来影响食物过敏发展的风险。表观遗传编程不仅可以解释对个体健康状况的短期影响，还可以解释成年后的影响。生命的前 1000 天是一个易感性的重要窗口期，在此期间，包括营养在内的环境因素可以通过表观遗传机制影响过敏的风险。从这个角度来看，它是一个有趣的机会和干预窗口。本综述报告了生命早期的主要营养因素可以通过调节表观遗传机制影响免疫口服耐受的风险。
