Di Costanzo Margherita, De Paulis Nicoletta, Biasucci Giacomo
Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy.
Department of Translational Medical Science-Pediatric Section, University "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
Life (Basel). 2021 Apr 23;11(5):384. doi: 10.3390/life11050384.
Increased prevalence of food allergies in the last thirty years has been attributed to lifestyle changes in Westernized countries. Among the environmental factors, nutritional factors and their interaction with the gut microbiome in early life are thought to have an important role in the observed epidemiological change. The gut microbiome synthesizes bacterial metabolites, which represent a link among gut microbiome, nutrition, and immune system. The main metabolites produced by gut microbiome are short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs have multiple beneficial effects on human health including protective effects in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Among SCFAs, butyrate is essential for maintaining gut immune homeostasis and exerts a pivotal role in immune tolerance with strong anti-inflammatory effects in allergic diseases. Recent findings suggest that butyrate takes part in the development of immunological tolerance to food, especially in the first 1000 days of life. Herein, we provide a critical review of the scientific literature on the role of butyrate for prevention and treatment of food allergies with focus on the complex interplay among early life nutrition, gut microbiome, and immune system.
过去三十年来食物过敏患病率的上升归因于西方国家生活方式的改变。在环境因素中，营养因素及其在生命早期与肠道微生物群的相互作用被认为在观察到的流行病学变化中起重要作用。肠道微生物群合成细菌代谢产物，这些代谢产物是肠道微生物群、营养和免疫系统之间的一个联系。肠道微生物群产生的主要代谢产物是短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）。SCFAs对人类健康有多种有益作用，包括对自身免疫性疾病和炎症性疾病的保护作用。在SCFAs中，丁酸盐对于维持肠道免疫稳态至关重要，并且在免疫耐受中发挥关键作用，对过敏性疾病具有强大的抗炎作用。最近的研究结果表明，丁酸盐参与了对食物的免疫耐受的发展，尤其是在生命的前1000天。在此，我们对关于丁酸盐在预防和治疗食物过敏中的作用的科学文献进行了批判性综述，重点关注生命早期营养、肠道微生物群和免疫系统之间的复杂相互作用。
