Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Nutrients. 2022 May 7;14(9):1954. doi: 10.3390/nu14091954.
This review discusses the inconsistent recommendations on alcohol consumption and its association with chronic disease, highlighting the need for an evidence-based consensus. Alcohol is an addictive substance consumed worldwide, especially in European countries. Recommendations on alcohol consumption are controversial. On one hand, many nonrandomized studies defend that moderate consumption has a beneficial cardiovascular effect or a lower risk of all-cause mortality. On the other hand, alcohol is associated with an increased risk of cancer, neurological diseases, or injuries, among others. For years, efforts have been made to answer the question regarding the safe amount of alcohol intake, but controversies remain. Observational studies advocate moderate alcohol consumption following a Mediterranean pattern (red wine with meals avoiding binge drinking) as the best option for current drinkers. However, agencies such as the IARC recommend abstention from alcohol as it is a potent carcinogen. In this context, more randomized trial with larger sample size and hard clinical endpoints should be conducted to clarify the available evidence and provide clinicians with support for their clinical practice.
这篇综述讨论了关于饮酒与慢性病之间关联的不一致建议，强调了需要基于证据达成共识。酒精是一种在全球范围内被滥用的成瘾物质，尤其在欧洲国家更为普遍。关于饮酒量的建议存在争议。一方面，许多非随机研究认为适量饮酒对心血管有益，或全因死亡率较低。另一方面，酒精与癌症、神经退行性疾病或损伤等风险增加有关。多年来，人们一直努力回答关于安全饮酒量的问题，但争议依然存在。观察性研究主张遵循地中海模式（用餐时饮用红酒，避免狂饮）的适度饮酒是当前饮酒者的最佳选择。然而，IARC 等机构建议戒酒，因为酒精是一种强致癌物质。在这种情况下，应该进行更多的、规模更大的、以硬性临床终点为目标的随机试验，以澄清现有证据，并为临床医生的临床实践提供支持。
