Sikorski Dominik, Bauer Marta, Frączyk Justyna, Draczyński Zbigniew
Institute of Textile Materials and Polymer Composites, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Apr 21;14(9):1690. doi: 10.3390/polym14091690.
Chitosan acquires bacteriostatic properties via protonation of its amino groups. However, much of the literature assumes that chitosan itself inhibits the growth of bacteria. This article presents a comparative study of chitosan nonwovens modified with various acids, including acetic, propionic, butyric, and valeric organic acids, as well as hydrochloric acid. The aim was to determine which acid salts influence the antibacterial and antifungal activity of chitosan-based materials. Two methods were used to modify (formation of ammonium salts) the chitosan nonwovens: First, acid vapors (gassing process) were used to find which salt of chitosan had the best antibacterial properties. Based on the results, the most effective acid was prepared in a solution in ethanol. The influence of the acid concentration in ethanol, the time of treatment of chitosan materials with acid solution, and the rinsing process of modified nonwovens on the antimicrobial activity of the modified materials was investigated. The modified materials were subjected to microbiological tests. Each of the modified materials was placed in bacterial inoculum. The cultures were tested on agar to observe their microbial activity. Toxicity to human red blood cells was also investigated. A reduction in the number of bacterial cells was observed for the strain with chitosan salt modified with 10% acetic acid in ethanol. The antibacterial activity of the chitosan salts increased with the percentage of acid salts formed on the surface of the solid material (decreasing numbers of bacterial colonies or no growth). No reduction in growth was observed for the strain. The chitosan samples were either inactive or completely eliminated the bacterial cells. Antimicrobial activity was observed for chitosan salts with hydrochloric acid and acetic acid. Finally, H-NMR spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy were used to confirm the incorporation of the acid groups to the amino groups of chitosan.
壳聚糖通过其氨基的质子化获得抑菌特性。然而，许多文献认为壳聚糖本身就能抑制细菌生长。本文对用各种酸改性的壳聚糖非织造布进行了比较研究，这些酸包括乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和戊酸等有机酸以及盐酸。目的是确定哪种酸盐会影响壳聚糖基材料的抗菌和抗真菌活性。采用两种方法对壳聚糖非织造布进行改性（形成铵盐）：首先，使用酸蒸汽（通气过程）来找出哪种壳聚糖盐具有最佳抗菌性能。基于这些结果，在乙醇溶液中制备了最有效的酸。研究了乙醇中酸浓度、壳聚糖材料用酸溶液处理的时间以及改性非织造布的漂洗过程对改性材料抗菌活性的影响。对改性材料进行了微生物测试。将每种改性材料置于细菌接种物中。在琼脂上对培养物进行测试以观察其微生物活性。还研究了对人红细胞的毒性。观察到用10%乙醇乙酸改性的壳聚糖盐菌株的细菌细胞数量减少。壳聚糖盐的抗菌活性随着固体材料表面形成的酸盐百分比增加而增强（细菌菌落数量减少或无生长）。对于该菌株未观察到生长减少。壳聚糖样品要么无活性，要么能完全消除细菌细胞。观察到盐酸和乙酸壳聚糖盐具有抗菌活性。最后，使用核磁共振氢谱（H-NMR）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）来确认酸基团已结合到壳聚糖的氨基上。
