Vidakis Nectarios, Petousis Markos, Michailidis Nikolaos, Papadakis Vassilis, Korlos Apostolos, Mountakis Nikolaos, Argyros Apostolos
Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71410 Heraklion, Greece.
Physical Metallurgy Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 May 6;14(9):1903. doi: 10.3390/polym14091903.
This study introduced binary nanoparticle (NP) inclusions into a biomedical-grade photosensitive resin (Biomed Clear-BC). Multi-functional, three-dimensional (3D) printed objects were manufactured via the vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing (AM) technique. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as one dimensional (1D) nanomaterial have been utilized for the mechanical reinforcement of the resin, while three different spherical NPs, namely copper NPs (nCu), copper oxide NPs (nCuO), and a commercial antimicrobial powder (nAP), endowed the antimicrobial character. The nanoparticle loading was kept constant at 1.0 wt.% to elucidate any synergistic effects as a function of the filler loading. Raman, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed the chemical/spectroscopic and thermal properties of the different manufactured samples. Scanning electron microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) revealed the morphology of the samples. Mechanical properties revealed the reinforcement mechanisms, namely that BC/CNF (1.0 wt.%) exhibited a 102% and 154% enhancement in strength and modulus, respectively, while BC/CNF(1.0 wt.%)/AP(1.0 wt.%) exhibited a 95% and 101% enhancement, as well as an antibacterial property, which was studied using a screening agar well diffusion method. This study opens the route towards novel, multi-functional materials for vat photopolymerization 3D printing biomedical applications, where mechanical reinforcement and antibacterial performance are typically required in the operational environment.
本研究将二元纳米颗粒（NP）夹杂物引入生物医学级光敏树脂（Biomed Clear-BC）中。通过光固化增材制造（AM）技术制造了多功能三维（3D）打印物体。纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）作为一维（1D）纳米材料被用于增强树脂的机械性能，而三种不同的球形NP，即铜纳米颗粒（nCu）、氧化铜纳米颗粒（nCuO）和一种商用抗菌粉末（nAP），赋予了材料抗菌特性。纳米颗粒负载量保持在1.0 wt.%不变，以阐明作为填料负载量函数的任何协同效应。拉曼光谱、热重分析（TGA）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）揭示了不同制造样品的化学/光谱和热性能。扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜（AFM）揭示了样品的形态。力学性能揭示了增强机制，即BC/CNF（1.0 wt.%）的强度和模量分别提高了102%和154%，而BC/CNF（1.0 wt.%）/AP（1.0 wt.%）的强度和模量分别提高了95%和101%，并且具有抗菌性能，这是使用筛选琼脂扩散法进行研究的。本研究为用于光固化3D打印生物医学应用的新型多功能材料开辟了道路，在这种应用的操作环境中通常需要机械增强和抗菌性能。
