Cohen Yafit, Roei Itai, Blank Lior, Goldshtein Eitan, Eizenberg Hanan
Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani CenterRishon Lezion, Israel.
The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Jun 20;8:973. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00973. eCollection 2017.
Egyptian broomrape () is one of the main threats to tomato production in Israel. The seed bank of rapidly develops and spreads in the field. Knowledge about the spatio-temporal distribution of such weeds is required in advance of emergence, as they emerge late in their life cycle when they have already caused major crop damage. The aim of this study is to reveal the effects of two major internal infestation sources: crop rotation and infestation history; and one external source: proximity to infested tomato fields; on infestation of in processing tomatoes. Ecoinformatics, spatial analysis and geostatistics were used to examine these effects. A regional survey was conducted to collect data on field history from 238 tomato fields between 2000 and 2012, in a major tomato-growing region in Israel. Multivariate logistic regression in the framework of generalized linear models (GLM) has demonstrated the importance of all three variables in predicting infestation in tomato fields. The parameters of the overall model indicated a high specificity between tomatoes and , which is potentially responsible for aggravating infestation. In addition, infestation levels were intensively mapped in 43 of the 238 tomato fields in the years 2010-2012. Geostatistical measures showed that 40% of the fields had clustered infestation spatial patterns with infestation clusters located along the fields' borders. Strong linear and negative relationships were found between infestation level and distance from a neighboring infested field, strengthening the role of infested tomato fields in spread. An experiment specifically designed for this study showed that during harvest, seeds are blown from an infested field to a distance of at least 90 m, and may initiate infestation in neighboring fields. Integrating current knowledge about the role of agricultural practices on the spread of with the results of this study enabled us to propose a mechanism for the spread of . Given the major effect of agricultural practices on infestation levels, it is assumed that the spread of this weed can be suppressed by implementing sanitation and using decision support tools for herbicide application.
埃及列当属植物是以色列番茄生产的主要威胁之一。其种子库在田间迅速发育并传播。由于这类杂草在生命周期后期才出苗，此时已对作物造成重大损害，所以在出苗前就需要了解其时空分布情况。本研究的目的是揭示两个主要内部侵染源（作物轮作和侵染历史）以及一个外部源（与受侵染番茄田的距离）对加工番茄中埃及列当属植物侵染的影响。利用生态信息学、空间分析和地统计学来研究这些影响。在以色列一个主要的番茄种植区进行了一项区域调查，收集了2000年至2012年间238块番茄田的田间历史数据。广义线性模型（GLM）框架下的多元逻辑回归证明了这三个变量在预测番茄田侵染方面的重要性。总体模型的参数表明番茄与埃及列当属植物之间具有高度特异性，这可能是侵染加剧的原因。此外，在2010 - 2012年对238块番茄田中的43块进行了埃及列当属植物侵染水平的密集绘图。地统计学方法表明，40%的田地具有聚集的侵染空间模式，侵染簇位于田边。侵染水平与距相邻受侵染田的距离之间存在强烈的线性负相关关系，这强化了受侵染番茄田在埃及列当属植物传播中的作用。为本研究专门设计的一项实验表明，收获期间，埃及列当属植物的种子会从受侵染田被吹到至少90米远的地方，并可能引发相邻田地的侵染。将当前关于农业实践对埃及列当属植物传播作用的知识与本研究结果相结合，使我们能够提出一种埃及列当属植物的传播机制。鉴于农业实践对侵染水平的重大影响，假定通过实施卫生措施和使用除草剂施用决策支持工具可以抑制这种杂草的传播。
