Using Bacteria and Fungi as Plant Biostimulants for Sustainable Agricultural Production Systems.

Different compounds with bioactive constituents can be applied as biostimulants to increase plant growth and development under both normal and stressful conditions. Biostimulant utilization can be considered a sustainable and beneficial nutritional crop management, and may decrease the negative impacts of excessive chemical fertilization. Google scholar, Science Direct, CAB Direct, Springer Link, Scopus, Web of Science, Taylor and Francis, and Wiley Online Library have been checked. The search was done to all manuscript sections according to the terms "Glomus intraradices", "Trichoderma atroviride", "Trichoderma reesei", "Heteroconium chaetospira", "Arthrobacter spp.", "Acintobacter spp.", "Enterobacer spp.", "Pseudomonas spp.", "Ochrobactrum spp.", "Bacilus spp.", "Rhodococcus spp.", "Biostimulants", and "Plant growth promotion". On the basis of the initial check, Titles and Abstracts were reviewed based on online literature, and then articles were read carefully. Within the framework of sustainable crop management, this review article aimed to provide an overview of the application of the most common fungi and bacteria as plant biostimulants on various crops.