Patgiri Priyanka Rana, Rajendran Vinoth, Ahmed Abdul B
Geriatrics, Regional Geriatric Centre, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, IND.
Community Medicine & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND.
Cureus. 2022 Apr 11;14(4):e24043. doi: 10.7759/cureus.24043. eCollection 2022 Apr.
Background As of November 14, 2021, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 has affected more than 3,44,00,000 individuals in India and resulted in more than 4,60,000 deaths in India.Symptoms of COVID-19 include cough, fever, dyspnea, diarrhea, fatigue, expectoration, myalgia, hemoptysis, abdominal pain, and anorexia.Associated comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular illness, and respiratory sicknesses influence the severity and prognosis of the COVID-19. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the factors associated with the severity and outcome of elderly Indian people diagnosed with COVID-19. Methodology This hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among elderly patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to Gauhati Medical College Hospital from July 21, 2020, to January 15, 2021. The demographic data, exposure history, clinical symptoms and signs, underlying comorbidity, severity of COVID-19, and outcome data of each elderly patient were obtained and analyzed using SPSS software (Version 25.0, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The Fisher exact test, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis were used for different study variables. Result A total of 165 hospitalized COVID-19 elderly patients were included in this study, and their mean age was 68.4 years. The most common symptoms were cough (34.5%), fever (28%), breathing difficulty (22%), weakness (13.1%), and chest pain (3.6%). Those with breathing difficulty (adjusted OR [aOR]: 7.293, 95% CI: 2.229-23.860, p=0.001), loose stool (aOR: 12.142, 95% CI: 1.052-140.209, p=0.045), hypertension (aOR: 2.703, 95% CI: 1.023-7.139, p=0.045), and severity of COVID-19 (aOR: 7.691, 95% CI: 2.870-20.607, P<0.001) had increased risk of poor outcome among the COVID-19 elderly. Being hypertensive (aOR: 2.474, 95% CI: 1.060-5.774, p=0.036) had an increased risk of severity of COVID-19. Conclusion The most common symptoms of COVID-19 elderly patients were fever, cough, and breathing difficulty. In elderly COVID-19 patients, hypertension played a crucial role in determining the severity of COVID-19, whereas breathing difficulty, loose stool, hypertension, and moderate-to-severe COVID-19 elderly patients had a poor outcome.
背景 截至2021年11月14日，2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）已在印度感染了超过3440万人，并导致印度超过46万人死亡。COVID-19的症状包括咳嗽、发热、呼吸困难、腹泻、疲劳、咳痰、肌痛、咯血、腹痛和厌食。高血压、糖尿病、心血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病等相关合并症会影响COVID-19的严重程度和预后。因此，本研究旨在确定与确诊为COVID-19的印度老年人的严重程度和预后相关的因素。
方法 本基于医院的描述性横断面研究在2020年7月21日至2021年1月15日入住高哈蒂医学院医院的确诊COVID-19老年患者中进行。获取每位老年患者的人口统计学数据、接触史、临床症状和体征、基础合并症、COVID-19的严重程度和结局数据，并使用SPSS软件（版本25.0，IBM公司，纽约州阿蒙克）进行分析。对不同的研究变量使用Fisher精确检验、卡方检验和二元逻辑回归分析。
结果 本研究共纳入165例住院的COVID-19老年患者，他们的平均年龄为68.4岁。最常见的症状是咳嗽（34.5%）、发热（28%）、呼吸困难（22%）、虚弱（13.1%）和胸痛（3.6%）。呼吸困难者（调整后比值比[aOR]：7.293，95%置信区间[CI]：2.229-23.860，p=0.001）、腹泻者（aOR：12.142，95%CI：1.052-140.209，p=0.045）、高血压患者（aOR：2.703，95%CI：1.023-7.139，p=0.045）以及COVID-19严重程度较高者（aOR：7.691，95%CI：2.870-20.607，P<0.001）在COVID-19老年患者中预后不良的风险增加。高血压患者（aOR：2.474，95%CI：1.060-5.774，p=0.036）发生COVID-19严重程度增加的风险增加。
结论 COVID-19老年患者最常见的症状是发热、咳嗽和呼吸困难。在老年COVID-19患者中，高血压在确定COVID-19的严重程度方面起关键作用，而呼吸困难、腹泻、高血压以及中重度COVID-19老年患者预后不良。
