Peycheva Marieta V., Zahariev Zahari I., Velkova Kichka G., Chervenkov Lyubomir
Department of Neurology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Complex for Translational Neuroscience, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2019 Mar 31;61(1):26-33. doi: 10.2478/folmed-2018-0037.
Ischemic stroke is a socially significant health problem due to high mortality and disability. One of the leading causes for cerebrovascular accidents is the carotid atherosclerosis. The mechanism of its formation presents not only lipid accumulation in the arterial wall but a complex inflammatory disease. The aims of this review are to point the new methods and approaches for diagnostic of the unstable and high-risk carotid plaques. The old plaque imaging modalities emphasized mainly to the degrees of luminal stenosis. The new possibilities reveal plaque morphology so detailed even compared to histological verification. Recent techniques as Shear wave elastography, optical coherence tomography, Superb microvascular imaging, USPIO MRI give information about the pathological mechanisms of carotid atherosclerosis. The efforts are directed to predict the atherosclerotic burden, plaque instability and the occurrence of cerebrovascular events for each patient and to optimize personal management.
缺血性中风因高死亡率和高致残率而成为一个具有重大社会意义的健康问题。脑血管意外的主要原因之一是颈动脉粥样硬化。其形成机制不仅表现为动脉壁脂质堆积，而且是一种复杂的炎症性疾病。本综述的目的是指出诊断不稳定和高危颈动脉斑块的新方法和新途径。旧的斑块成像模式主要强调管腔狭窄程度。新的技术甚至能与组织学验证相比，如此详细地揭示斑块形态。剪切波弹性成像、光学相干断层扫描、超微血管成像、超顺磁性氧化铁磁共振成像等最新技术提供了有关颈动脉粥样硬化病理机制的信息。这些努力旨在预测每位患者的动脉粥样硬化负荷、斑块不稳定性和脑血管事件的发生情况，并优化个性化管理。
