Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Aug 1;306:119476. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119476. Epub 2022 May 14.
Artificial light at night (ALAN) alters circadian rhythms in animals and therefore can be a source of environmental stress affecting their physiology and behaviour. The impact of ALAN can be related to the increased light level, but also to the spectral composition of night lighting. Previous research showed that many species can be particularly sensitive to the LED light, but it is unclear if they respond to its broad spectrum or specifically to the blue light wavelength. In this study, we tested whether dim ALAN (2 lx) differing in the spectral quality (warm white LED, blue LED, high-pressure sodium HPS light) modifies behaviour and changes oxidative status in two nocturnal freshwater shredder species: Dikerogammarus villosus and Gammarus jazdzewskii (Gammaroidea, Amphipoda). Our experiment revealed that ALAN, irrespective of its spectral quality, did not affect the oxidative stress markers in cells (the level of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation). However, ALAN changed the gammarid behaviour in a species-specific manner, which can potentially reduce the fitness of the shredders. Dikerogammarus villosus avoided all types of light compared to darkness. Therefore, confined to the shelter, D. villosus may have fewer opportunities to forage and/or mate. Gammarus jazdzewskii was sensitive only to the narrow-spectrum blue light, but did not respond to the HPS and white LED light. Avoidance is a typical response of gammarids to natural light, thus the disruption of this behaviour in the presence of common ALAN sources can increase the predation risk in this species. To summarize, behavioural modifications induced by ALAN seem more pronounced than changes in physiology and can constitute the main driver of disturbances in the processing of organic matter in freshwater ecosystems by invertebrate shredders.
人造夜间光（ALAN）改变了动物的昼夜节律，因此可能成为影响其生理和行为的环境应激源。ALAN 的影响可能与光强度的增加有关，但也与夜间照明的光谱组成有关。先前的研究表明，许多物种对 LED 光特别敏感，但尚不清楚它们是对其广谱光还是特定的蓝光波长有反应。在这项研究中，我们测试了不同光谱质量的暗淡 ALAN（2 lx）（暖白色 LED、蓝色 LED、高压钠 HPS 灯）是否会改变两种夜间淡水碎屑生物的行为并改变其氧化状态：Dikerogammarus villosus 和 Gammarus jazdzewskii（Gammaroidea，甲壳纲，十足目）。我们的实验表明，无论其光谱质量如何，ALAN 都不会影响细胞中的氧化应激标志物（活性氧物种和脂质过氧化水平）。然而，ALAN 以特定于物种的方式改变了桡足类动物的行为，这可能会降低碎屑生物的适应性。与黑暗相比，Dikerogammarus villosus 避开了所有类型的光。因此，与黑暗相比，D. villosus 可能在避难所中觅食和/或交配的机会更少。Gammarus jazdzewskii 仅对窄谱蓝光敏感，但对 HPS 和白色 LED 光没有反应。回避是桡足类动物对自然光的典型反应，因此在常见 ALAN 源存在的情况下，这种行为的中断会增加该物种的捕食风险。总之，由 ALAN 引起的行为改变似乎比生理变化更为明显，并且可能成为淡水生态系统中无脊椎碎屑处理过程中干扰的主要驱动因素。
