Department of Philosophy, Social and Human Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Piazza G. Ermini 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
Myèsis, Research and Development Company, Rome, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2022 May 17;12(1):8156. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12411-1.
According to previous ethnomethodological and cognitive studies on sex assignment, if a figure has male sexual characteristics people are more likely to think it is a man than they think it is a woman when the figure has female sexual characteristics. This bias in favor of male attribution is strongly reinforced when a penis is apparent in human nude pictures. In our contribution, we reported findings of three experiments aimed at replicating previous studies by administering the Sex/Gender Attribution Test for Adult (SGAT-A) created by digitally morphing the bodies of one human male and one human female model into realistic pictures. We observed the sex attribution and response time of 1706 young adult participants. A cross-cultural comparison was also carried out with a sample of young adult Chinese students. Findings substantially reconfirmed those obtained in previous studies. The male external genitalia overshadow any other features that might rather suggest a female identity. Indeed, when male external genitalia were exposed, the odds of male sex attribution were 5.688 compared to 1.823 female attribution when female external genitalia were shown. Moreover, the shortest response times were observed with masculine stimuli. Evolutionary and cultural determinants of the male sex bias are also discussed.
根据之前关于性别分配的民族方法论和认知研究，如果一个人形具有男性性特征，那么当这个人形具有女性性特征时，人们更有可能认为它是男性而不是女性。当人体裸体图片中明显出现阴茎时，这种有利于男性归因的偏见会得到强烈加强。在我们的研究中，我们报告了三项实验的结果，这些实验旨在通过数字化变形一个男性和一个女性人体模型的身体来复制之前的研究，使用成人性别归因测试（SGAT-A）进行实验。我们观察了 1706 名年轻成年参与者的性别归因和反应时间。还对中国年轻成年学生的样本进行了跨文化比较。研究结果在很大程度上再次证实了之前的研究结果。男性外生殖器掩盖了任何其他可能暗示女性身份的特征。事实上，当暴露男性外生殖器时，男性性别的归因几率为 5.688，而当显示女性外生殖器时，女性性别的归因几率为 1.823。此外，用男性化的刺激观察到最短的反应时间。还讨论了男性性别偏见的进化和文化决定因素。
