新冠疫情对中国医护人员工作场所暴力发生率和危险因素的影响。
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and risk factors of workplace violence among healthcare workers in China.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2022 Jul 25;10:938423. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.938423. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
The pandemic of COVID-19 has significantly increased the burden on healthcare workers and potentially affect their risk of workplace violence (WPV). This study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of WPV among healthcare workers during the peaking and the remission of the COVID-19 pandemic in China.
METHODS
Using the snowball method, a repeated online questionnaire survey was conducted among Chinese healthcare workers from March 27th to April 26th in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Data included healthcare workers' socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, psychological status, and workplace violence.
RESULTS
A total of 3006 samples in 2020 and 3465 samples in 2021 were analyzed. In 2020, the prevalence of WPV and witnessing colleagues suffering from WPV among healthcare workers were 64.2% and 79.7% respectively. Compared with 2020, the prevalence decreased by 11.0% and 14.4% in 2021, respectively. Logistic regression showed that WPV in 2020 was influenced by males, long working experience, working in the psychiatric department, direct contact with COVID-19 patients, self-discovery of medical errors, moral injury, depression, and anxiety (minimum OR = 1.22, maximum OR = 2.82). While risk factors of WPV in 2021 included males, working in psychiatric departments, self-discovery of medical errors, moral injury, depression, and anxiety (minimum OR = 1.33, maximum OR = 3.32); and protective factors were holding a master's degree (OR = 0.78) and working in other departments (OR = 0.54).
CONCLUSION
This study retains the common effects of WPV among healthcare workers, though after the baptism of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of WPV among healthcare workers decreased; however, part of the influencing factors changed. In addition, COVID-19 has seriously affected the mental health of healthcare workers, and the effect of mental health problems on WPV should also attract more attention.
背景
COVID-19 大流行显著增加了医护人员的负担，并可能影响他们遭受工作场所暴力（WPV）的风险。本研究旨在探讨中国 COVID-19 大流行高峰期和缓解期医护人员 WPV 的流行率和危险因素。
方法
采用雪球法，于 2020 年 3 月 27 日至 4 月 26 日和 2021 年分别对中国医护人员进行重复在线问卷调查。数据包括医护人员的社会人口学和职业特征、心理状态和工作场所暴力。
结果
共分析了 2020 年 3006 例和 2021 年 3465 例样本。2020 年，医护人员 WPV 和目睹同事遭受 WPV 的比例分别为 64.2%和 79.7%。与 2020 年相比，2021 年分别下降了 11.0%和 14.4%。Logistic 回归显示，2020 年 WPV 受男性、工作经验长、精神科工作、与 COVID-19 患者直接接触、自我发现医疗差错、道德伤害、抑郁和焦虑的影响（最小 OR=1.22，最大 OR=2.82）。而 2021 年 WPV 的危险因素包括男性、精神科工作、自我发现医疗差错、道德伤害、抑郁和焦虑（最小 OR=1.33，最大 OR=3.32）；保护因素包括拥有硕士学位（OR=0.78）和在其他科室工作（OR=0.54）。
结论
本研究保留了医护人员 WPV 的共同影响，尽管在 COVID-19 大流行的洗礼后，医护人员 WPV 的流行率有所下降；然而，部分影响因素发生了变化。此外，COVID-19 严重影响了医护人员的心理健康，心理健康问题对 WPV 的影响也应引起更多关注。
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