Gaertner Beate, Fuchs Judith, Möhler Ralph, Meyer Gabriele, Scheidt-Nave Christa
Robert Koch Institute, Berlin Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring.
Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics.
J Health Monit. 2021 Apr 30;6(Suppl 4):2-37. doi: 10.25646/7857. eCollection 2021 Apr.
This scoping review focuses on evidence gaps regarding the effects on health, social participation and life contexts of older people at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is based on a systematic search strategy of the international literature covering a period between December 2019 and June 2020. The review is supplemented by a search of the websites of selected organisations in Germany (cut-off date: 29 June 2020). Search hits were differentiated by types of publication (empirical study, review, discussion paper). The contents were summarised in tabular form according to topic. The publications mainly discussed the high risks of suffering severe courses of COVID-19 faced by older people, specifically those belonging to certain subgroups. In addition, further main topics were the pandemic's indirect impacts on physical and mental health, physical and cognitive functions and participation in society. Social isolation, loneliness, reduced levels of physical activity and difficulties in maintaining care were discussed as major health risks. Ageism was an issue that was addressed across all of the identified topics. The publications highlighted the need, but also the opportunity, for raising public awareness of the needs of older people in various life contexts. Publications pointed to the urgent need for research into the biological and social causes of older peoples' high infection risk and how measures could be adapted in a differentiated manner (infection prevention and control measures, social support, medical and nursing care).
本综述聚焦于新冠疫情初期老年人健康、社会参与和生活环境所受影响方面的证据空白。它基于对2019年12月至2020年6月期间国际文献的系统检索策略。通过检索德国选定组织的网站（截止日期：2020年6月29日）对该综述进行补充。检索结果按出版物类型（实证研究、综述、讨论文件）进行区分。内容按主题以表格形式进行总结。这些出版物主要讨论了老年人，特别是某些亚组的老年人面临的新冠病情严重的高风险。此外，其他主要主题包括疫情对身心健康、身体和认知功能以及社会参与的间接影响。社交隔离、孤独、身体活动水平降低以及维持护理方面的困难被视为主要健康风险。年龄歧视是所有已确定主题中都涉及的一个问题。这些出版物强调了提高公众对老年人在各种生活环境中的需求的认识的必要性，但同时也指出了这样做的机会。出版物指出迫切需要研究老年人高感染风险的生物学和社会原因，以及如何以差异化方式调整措施（感染预防和控制措施、社会支持、医疗和护理）。
