Kastner Lydia, Suenkel Ulrike, Eschweiler Gerhard W, Dankowski Theresa, von Thaler Anna-Katharina, Mychajliw Christian, Brockmann Kathrin, Maetzler Walter, Berg Daniela, Fallgatter Andreas J, Heinzel Sebastian, Thiel Ansgar
Institute for Sport Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2023 Sep 4;14:1209021. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1209021. eCollection 2023.
Older age is a main risk factor for severe COVID-19. In 2020, a broad political debate was initiated as to what extent older adults need special protection and isolation to minimize their risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, isolation might also have indirect negative (e.g., loneliness, stress, fear, anxiety, depression) or (e.g., lack of exercise, missing medical visits) consequences depending on individual strategies and personality traits to cope longitudinally with this crisis.
To examine the impact of individuals' coping with the pandemic on mental health, a large sample of 880 older adults of the prospective longitudinal cohort TREND study were surveyed six times about their individual coping strategies in the COVID-19 pandemic between May 2020 (05/2020: = 72.1, = 6.4, Range: 58-91 years) and November 2022 in an open response format. The relevant survey question was: E.g.
In total, we obtained 4,561 records containing 20,578 text passages that were coded and assigned to 427 distinct categories on seven levels based on qualitative content analysis using MAXQDA. The results allow new insights into the impact of (e.g., value beliefs, living conditions), the (e.g., positive, irrelevant, stressful) as well as the (e.g., cognitive, emotional- or problem-focused) to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic by using an adapted Lazarus stress model. Throughout the pandemic emotional-focused as well as problem-focused strategies were the main coping strategies, whereas general beliefs, general living conditions and the evaluation were mentioned less frequently.
高龄是重症 COVID-19 的主要风险因素。2020 年，引发了一场广泛的政治辩论，即老年人在多大程度上需要特殊保护和隔离，以将他们感染 SARS-CoV-2 的风险降至最低。然而，根据个体应对这场危机的策略和性格特点，隔离也可能产生间接的负面后果（如孤独、压力、恐惧、焦虑、抑郁）或（如缺乏锻炼、错过医疗就诊）后果。
为了研究个体应对疫情对心理健康的影响，对前瞻性纵向队列趋势研究中的 880 名老年人进行了大规模抽样调查，在 2020 年 5 月（05/2020：年龄 = 72.1，标准差 = 6.4，范围：58 - 91 岁）至 2022 年 11 月期间，就他们在 COVID-19 疫情中的个体应对策略进行了六次开放式问卷调查。相关调查问题为：例如
总共，我们获得了 4561 条记录，包含 20578 段文本，使用 MAXQDA 通过定性内容分析将其编码并分配到七个层次的 427 个不同类别中。研究结果通过采用适应性拉扎勒斯压力模型，使我们对（如价值观信念、生活条件）、（如积极的、无关紧要的、有压力的）以及（如认知聚焦、情绪聚焦或问题聚焦）应对 COVID-19 疫情的影响有了新的认识。在整个疫情期间，情绪聚焦和问题聚焦策略是主要的应对策略，而总体信念、总体生活条件和评价提及较少。
