Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, India.
Department of Research and Development, Saveetha Insititute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.
Adv Clin Exp Med. 2022 Sep;31(9):999-1009. doi: 10.17219/acem/148112.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Most exercise studies concentrate on the impact of exercise on cardiovascular system; this study aims to present the effects of exercise of varying intensity on the nervous system. Most recently in MS, positive outcomes were obtained with resistance and high-intensity exercises. This study also analyzes the effects of a prior conditioning program before the induction of demyelination and subsequent neuroprotective effects of such program.
To study and determine the neuroprotective and remyelinating effects of different intensity of aquatic exercise and a preconditioning exercise program on demyelination induced by oral administration of cuprizone (Cup).
Six groups of animals, each containing 6 rats, were used in the study. The groups were as follows: group I - control group; group II - Cup group; group III - treated with methylprednisolone (MP); group IV - treated with low-intensity exercise (LIE), free swimming for 40 min and high-intensity exercise (HIE); group V - treated with a resistance of 9% body weight and free swimming for 40 min; group VI - treated with preconditioning exercise (free swimming for 40 min for 3 weeks) before Cup administration followed by the same exercise protocol as for group V. All data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's test, by means of SigmaPlot v. 14.5 software.
Similarly to the MP group, group VI showed a positive outcome. A value of p < 0.001 was considered statistically significant. Also, group VI showed improved areas of remyelination in histopathology, an increased expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), reduced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in corpus callosum, and improved gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus region.
General fitness achieved through a preconditioning program combined with HIE showed neuroprotective effects, as evidenced by increased areas of remyelination and improved neuronal plasticity, observed mostly in group VI (conditioning+HIE).
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种中枢神经系统（CNS）的慢性脱髓鞘疾病。大多数运动研究都集中在运动对心血管系统的影响上；本研究旨在介绍不同强度的运动对神经系统的影响。最近在多发性硬化症中，抗阻运动和高强度运动取得了积极的效果。本研究还分析了在脱髓鞘诱导前进行预先调节方案的效果，以及该方案的后续神经保护作用。
研究和确定不同强度的水上运动和预先调节运动方案对口服给予铜锌卟啉（Cup）诱导的脱髓鞘的神经保护和髓鞘再生作用。
本研究使用了 6 组动物，每组包含 6 只大鼠。这些组如下：第 I 组 - 对照组；第 II 组 - Cup 组；第 III 组 - 用甲基强的松龙（MP）治疗；第 IV 组 - 用低强度运动（LIE）治疗，自由游泳 40 分钟和高强度运动（HIE）；第 V 组 - 用 9%体重的阻力和自由游泳 40 分钟治疗；第 VI 组 - 在给予 Cup 之前用预先调节运动（自由游泳 40 分钟，持续 3 周）治疗，然后采用与第 V 组相同的运动方案。所有数据均使用 SigmaPlot v.14.5 软件通过单因素方差分析（ANOVA）和 Tukey 检验进行分析。
与 MP 组一样，第 VI 组也表现出了积极的结果。p<0.001 被认为具有统计学意义。此外，第 VI 组在组织病理学中显示出改善的髓鞘再生区域，在胼胝体中髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）的表达增加，神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达减少，以及在海马区脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的基因表达增加。
通过预先调节方案结合 HIE 获得的一般健身效果表现出神经保护作用，这表现在第 VI 组中观察到的髓鞘再生区域增加和神经元可塑性改善上。
