Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2022 Aug;77:102189. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102189. Epub 2022 May 16.
Development of effective vaccines is a critical global health priority. Stimulating antigen-specific B and T cells to elicit long-lasting protection remains the central paradigm of vaccinology. Adjuvants are components that enhance vaccine immunogenicity by targeting specific innate immune receptors and pathways. Recent data highlight the capacity of adjuvants to induce durable epigenetic reprogramming of the innate immune system to engender heightened resistance against pathogens. This raises the prospect of developing epigenetic adjuvants that, in addition to stimulating robust T and B cell responses, convey broad protection against diverse pathogens by training the innate immune system. In this review, we discuss our emerging understanding of the various vaccines and adjuvants and their effects on durable reprogramming of the innate immune response, their putative mechanisms of action, and the promise and challenges of developing epigenetic adjuvants as a universal vaccine strategy.
开发有效的疫苗是全球卫生的当务之急。刺激抗原特异性 B 和 T 细胞以产生持久的保护仍然是疫苗学的核心范例。佐剂是通过靶向特定的先天免疫受体和途径来增强疫苗免疫原性的成分。最近的数据强调了佐剂诱导先天免疫系统持久的表观遗传重编程以产生对病原体的高度抵抗力的能力。这提出了开发表观遗传佐剂的前景，除了刺激强大的 T 和 B 细胞反应外，通过训练先天免疫系统，还可以提供针对多种病原体的广泛保护。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了我们对各种疫苗和佐剂的理解的最新进展，以及它们对先天免疫反应的持久重编程的影响、它们的作用机制、以及将表观遗传佐剂作为一种通用疫苗策略开发的前景和挑战。
