Dynavax Technologies Corporation, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
Immunity. 2010 Oct 29;33(4):492-503. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.10.002.
Adjuvants enhance immunity to vaccines and experimental antigens by a variety of mechanisms. In the past decade, many receptors and signaling pathways in the innate immune system have been defined and these innate responses strongly influence the adaptive immune response. The focus of this review is to delineate the innate mechanisms by which adjuvants mediate their effects. We highlight how adjuvants can be used to influence the magnitude and alter the quality of the adaptive response in order to provide maximum protection against specific pathogens. Despite the impressive success of currently approved adjuvants for generating immunity to viral and bacterial infections, there remains a need for improved adjuvants that enhance protective antibody responses, especially in populations that respond poorly to current vaccines. However, the larger challenge is to develop vaccines that generate strong T cell immunity with purified or recombinant vaccine antigens.
佐剂通过多种机制增强疫苗和实验性抗原的免疫原性。在过去的十年中，先天免疫系统中的许多受体和信号通路已经被定义，这些先天反应强烈影响适应性免疫反应。本综述的重点是阐明佐剂介导其作用的先天机制。我们强调了佐剂如何用于影响适应性反应的幅度和改变其质量，以针对特定病原体提供最大保护。尽管目前批准的佐剂在产生针对病毒和细菌感染的免疫方面取得了令人印象深刻的成功，但仍需要改进佐剂，以增强保护性抗体反应，特别是在对现有疫苗反应不佳的人群中。然而，更大的挑战是开发能够用纯化或重组疫苗抗原产生强烈 T 细胞免疫的疫苗。
