Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of basic medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Oral department of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2022 Jul 1;212:134-145. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.094. Epub 2022 May 16.
Tooth removal, particularly for patients with severe periodontitis, can frequently cause massive bleeding, postoperative infection, and bone resorption, resulting in a dry socket. Thus, developing bio-multifunctional materials with excellent antibacterial, hemostatic, and osteogenic characteristics for the prevention of dry sockets after tooth removal is highly desirable in clinical applications. Herein, chitosan-CaP microflowers (CM) and metronidazole (MD) loaded calcium alginate (CA) sponges (CA@CM/MD) with enhanced antibacterial, hemostatic, and osteogenic properties were developed via Ca crosslinking, lyophilization, and electrostatic interaction for the prevention of dry socket after tooth removal. The fabricated CM particles display 3-dimensional, relatively homogeneous, and flower-shaped architectures. The CA@CM/MD composite sponges were facilely shaped into the tooth root as well as exhibit interconnected porous and lamellar structures with remarkable porosity, suitable maximum swelling ratio, as well as excellent compressive and hemostatic performance. Besides, the in vitro cellular assessment demonstrates that the prepared CA@CM/MD composite sponges possess satisfactory cytocompatibility. Importantly, the designed sponges significantly suppress the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, as well as promote cellular osteogenic differentiation by upregulating the formation of alkaline phosphatase. Our findings indicate that the tooth root-shaped composite sponges hold great promise for wound management after tooth removal.
拔牙，特别是对于严重牙周炎的患者，常可引起大量出血、术后感染和骨吸收，导致干槽症。因此，开发具有良好抗菌、止血和促骨生成特性的生物多功能材料，用于预防拔牙后干槽症，在临床应用中是非常需要的。本文通过 Ca 交联、冷冻干燥和静电相互作用，开发了载有米诺环素的壳聚糖-CaP 微花（CM）和海藻酸钠（CA）海绵（CA@CM/MD），以增强抗菌、止血和促骨生成性能，用于预防拔牙后干槽症。所制备的 CM 颗粒呈现出三维、相对均匀和花状的结构。CA@CM/MD 复合海绵易于成型为牙根，具有相互连接的多孔和层状结构，具有显著的孔隙率、合适的最大溶胀比以及良好的压缩和止血性能。此外，体外细胞评估表明，所制备的 CA@CM/MD 复合海绵具有良好的细胞相容性。重要的是，设计的海绵能显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的生长，并通过上调碱性磷酸酶的形成来促进细胞成骨分化。我们的研究结果表明，这种牙根形状的复合海绵在拔牙后伤口管理方面具有广阔的应用前景。
