Riek Blake M, Mania Eric W, Gaertner Samuel L
Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2006;10(4):336-53. doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_4.
This article examines the relationship between intergroup threat and negative outgroup attitudes. We first qualitatively review the intergroup threat literature, describing the shift from competing theories toward more integrated approaches, such as the integrated threat theory (ITT; W. G. Stephan and Stephan, 2000). The types of threats discussed include: realistic threat, symbolic threat, intergroup anxiety, negative stereotypes, group esteem threat, and distinctiveness threat. We then conducted a quantitative meta-analysis examining the relationships between various intergroup threats and outgroup attitudes. The meta-analysis, involving 95 samples, revealed that 5 different threat types had a positive relationship with negative outgroup attitudes. Additionally, outgroup status moderated some of these relationships. Implications and future directions are considered.
本文探讨了群体间威胁与对外群体的负面态度之间的关系。我们首先对群体间威胁的文献进行了定性综述，描述了从相互竞争的理论向更综合的方法的转变，如整合威胁理论（ITT；W.G.斯蒂芬和斯蒂芬，2000）。所讨论的威胁类型包括：现实威胁、象征威胁、群体间焦虑、负面刻板印象、群体自尊威胁和独特性威胁。然后，我们进行了一项定量元分析，研究各种群体间威胁与对外群体态度之间的关系。这项涉及95个样本的元分析表明，5种不同的威胁类型与对外群体的负面态度呈正相关。此外，外群体地位调节了其中一些关系。我们还考虑了研究的意义和未来方向。
