Brooks Gabriel A, Clark Luke
1 Centre for Gambling Research, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
2 Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
J Behav Addict. 2022 May 19;11(2):406-16. doi: 10.1556/2006.2022.00021.
Schizotypal personality (schizotypy) is a cluster of traits in the general population, including alterations in belief formation that may underpin delusional thinking. The psychological processes described by schizotypy could also fuel cognitive distortions in the context of gambling. This study sought to characterize the relationships between schizotypy, gambling-related cognitive distortions, and levels of problem gambling.
Analyses were conducted on three groups, a student sample (n = 104) with minimal self-reported gambling involvement, a crowdsourced sample of regular gamblers (via MTurk; n = 277), and an additional crowdsourced sample with a range of gambling involvement (via MTurk; n = 144). Primary measures included the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire - Brief (SPQ-B), the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI-21), the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS), and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). Luck was measured with either the Belief in Good Luck Scale (BIGLS) or the Beliefs Around Luck Scale (BALS).
Small-to-moderate associations were detected between the components of schizotypy, including delusion proneness, and the gambling-related variables. Schizotypy was associated with the general belief in luck and bad luck, but not beliefs in good luck. A series of partial correlations demonstrated that when the GRCS was controlled for, the relationship between schizotypy and problem gambling was attenuated.
This study demonstrates that schizotypy is a small-to-moderate correlate of erroneous gambling beliefs and PG. These data help characterize clinical comorbidities between the schizotypal spectrum and problem gambling, and point to shared biases relating to belief formation and decision-making under chance.
分裂型人格特质（分裂型特质）是普通人群中一组特征，包括信念形成的改变，这可能是妄想思维的基础。分裂型特质所描述的心理过程也可能在赌博情境中加剧认知扭曲。本研究旨在描述分裂型特质、与赌博相关的认知扭曲以及问题赌博水平之间的关系。
对三组进行了分析，一组是自我报告赌博参与度极低的学生样本（n = 104），一组是通过亚马逊土耳其机器人平台招募的经常赌博者的众包样本（n = 277），以及另一组赌博参与度各异的众包样本（通过亚马逊土耳其机器人平台；n = 144）。主要测量工具包括简短分裂型人格问卷（SPQ - B）、彼得斯等人的妄想量表（PDI - 21）、赌博相关认知量表（GRCS）以及问题赌博严重程度指数（PGSI）。运气用好运信念量表（BIGLS）或运气相关信念量表（BALS）进行测量。
在分裂型特质的各成分（包括妄想倾向）与赌博相关变量之间检测到小到中等程度的关联。分裂型特质与对运气和厄运的总体信念相关，但与对好运的信念无关。一系列偏相关分析表明，如果控制GRCS，分裂型特质与问题赌博之间的关系会减弱。
本研究表明，分裂型特质与错误的赌博信念及问题赌博存在小到中等程度的关联。这些数据有助于描述分裂型谱系障碍与问题赌博之间的临床共病情况，并指出在机会情境下信念形成和决策方面存在的共同偏差。
