Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States; Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States.
Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2022;189(1):67-99. doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.12.003. Epub 2022 Jan 19.
Dogs are remarkable, adaptable, and dependable creatures that have evolved alongside humans while contributing tremendously to our survival. Our canine companions share many similarities to human disease, particularly cancer. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing technology, we are beginning to unravel the complexity of cancer and the vast intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity that makes treatment difficult. Consequently, precision medicine has emerged as a therapeutic approach to improve patient survival by evaluating and classifying an individual tumor's molecular profile. Many canine and human cancers share striking similarities in terms of genotypic, phenotypic, clinical, and histological presentations. Dogs are superior to rodent models of cancer because they are a naturally heterogeneous population in which tumors occur spontaneously, are exposed to similar environmental conditions, and show more similarities in key modulators of tumorigenesis and clinical response, including the immune system, drug metabolism, and gut microbiome. In this chapter, we will explore various canine models of human cancers and emphasize the dog's critical role in advancing precision medicine and improving the survival of both man and man's best friend.
狗是一种出色、适应性强且可靠的生物，它们与人类共同进化，为我们的生存做出了巨大贡献。我们的犬类伙伴与人类疾病，特别是癌症，有许多相似之处。随着下一代测序技术的进步，我们开始揭开癌症的复杂性以及使治疗变得困难的巨大的肿瘤内和肿瘤间异质性。因此，精准医学已成为一种治疗方法，通过评估和分类个体肿瘤的分子特征来提高患者的生存率。许多犬类和人类癌症在基因型、表型、临床和组织学表现方面具有惊人的相似之处。狗比癌症的啮齿动物模型更优越，因为它们是一种自然异质的群体，其中肿瘤自发发生，暴露于相似的环境条件下，并且在肿瘤发生和临床反应的关键调节剂中表现出更多的相似性，包括免疫系统、药物代谢和肠道微生物组。在本章中，我们将探讨各种人类癌症的犬类模型，并强调狗在推进精准医学和提高人类和人类最好的朋友的生存率方面的关键作用。
