Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
SKiN Centre for Dermatology, Probity Medical Research, Queen's University, Peterborough, ON, Canada.
Drugs. 2022 Jun;82(8):843-853. doi: 10.1007/s40265-022-01722-2. Epub 2022 May 21.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic pruritic inflammatory cutaneous disease. AD is characterized by intense pruritus and enormous clinical heterogeneity. Treatment goals are to improve skin lesions and minimize exacerbations and symptom burden. Currently, topical corticosteroids (TCS) and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) are still considered the main topical therapies in disease treatment. However, despite being very effective, TCS and TCI are not recommended for continuous long-term use, due to potential safety issues. Although research in AD has focused primarily on systemic drugs, more than 20 new topical compounds are under development to treat the disease. This review aims to provide a synthesized summary of the current knowledge about AD topical treatment, echoing existing gaps and coming research trends. The available data seems promising, with some drugs already approved (ruxolitinib being the most recent), and several are in an advanced stage of development and will soon be available for treatment of mild to moderate disease, namely tapinarof, difamilast, and roflumilast. However, longer and larger prospective studies are needed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of these new compounds and evaluate their benefits over current treatments.
特应性皮炎（AD）是一种常见的慢性瘙痒性炎症性皮肤病。AD 的特征是剧烈瘙痒和巨大的临床异质性。治疗目标是改善皮肤病变，减少恶化和症状负担。目前，局部皮质类固醇（TCS）和局部钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂（TCI）仍被认为是疾病治疗的主要局部治疗方法。然而，尽管非常有效，但由于潜在的安全问题，不建议连续长期使用 TCS 和 TCI。尽管 AD 的研究主要集中在系统药物上，但仍有 20 多种新的局部化合物正在开发用于治疗该疾病。本综述旨在综合总结当前 AD 局部治疗的知识，反映现有差距和未来的研究趋势。现有数据似乎很有希望，一些药物已经获得批准（鲁索利替尼是最新的一种），还有一些药物处于开发的后期阶段，很快将可用于治疗轻度至中度疾病，即他克莫司、双氟米隆和罗氟司特。然而，需要进行更长时间和更大规模的前瞻性研究，以评估这些新化合物的长期疗效和安全性，并评估它们相对于现有治疗方法的益处。
