Singhal G D, Singh D N, Gopal S C, Ambasta S S, Gupta R M
J Pediatr Surg. 1987 Mar;22(3):218-22. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(87)80332-9.
Primary bladder stone is a common pediatric surgical problem in developing countries. Many theories are prevalent. The stone matrix theory is based on increased excretion of its precursor, the uromucoid (the urinary mucoprotein). Uromucoid, studied in urine and stones by the electroimmunodiffusion technique in 49 cases with controls, showed significantly increased excretion in stone cases. Family income and serum protein were the only important influencing factors (negative). Causal relationship between uromucoid excretion, stone matrix, and pediatric bladder stones is discussed. Methylene blue decreased uromucoid excretion but not magnesium oxide, vitamin C or B6 (four common therapeutic drugs for prevention/dissolution of urolithiasis).
原发性膀胱结石是发展中国家常见的小儿外科问题。有许多理论盛行。结石基质理论基于其前体尿类粘蛋白（尿粘蛋白）排泄增加。采用电免疫扩散技术对49例结石患者及对照者的尿液和结石中的尿类粘蛋白进行研究，结果显示结石患者的排泄量显著增加。家庭收入和血清蛋白是仅有的重要影响因素（呈负相关）。文中讨论了尿类粘蛋白排泄、结石基质与小儿膀胱结石之间的因果关系。亚甲蓝可降低尿类粘蛋白排泄，但氧化镁、维生素C或维生素B6（预防/溶解尿路结石的四种常用治疗药物）则无此作用。
