Vaucheret Paz Esteban, Giacchino Mariana, Leist Mariana, Chirilla Claudia, Petracca Luciana, Agosta Guillermo
Servicio de Neurología Infantil, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2022 May 17. doi: 10.1016/j.rcp.2022.03.003.
Social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic prevented many children with neurodevelopmental disorders from accessing face-to-face treatments. Telerehabilitation grew at this time as an alternative therapeutic tool. In this study we analysed remote cognitive rehabilitation in neurodevelopmental disorders.
This was a prospective, quasi-experimental (before-after) study that included 22 patients (mean age 9.41 years) with neurodevelopmental disorders who had telerehabilitation for over six months.
After six months of telerehabilitation, a statistically significant improvement was found with a large effect size in these areas: attention (sustained, selective and divided), executive functions (verbal and visual working memory, categorisation, processing speed), visuospatial skills (spatial orientation, perceptual integration, perception, simultanagnosia) and language (comprehensive and expressive). On the Weiss Functional Impairment Scale, all areas (family, learning and school, self-concept, activities of daily living, risk activities) improved with statistical significance. We found a positive correlation between the number of sessions and the improvement observed in executive functions (visual working memory, processing speed), attention (sustained attention, divided attention) and visuospatial skills (spatial orientation, perceptual integration, perception, simultanagnosia). We did not find statistical significance between the family structure and the number of sessions carried out. A high degree of perception of improvement and satisfaction was observed in the parents.
Telerehabilitation is a safe alternative tool which, although it does not replace face-to-face therapy, can achieve significant cognitive and functional improvements in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
由于新冠疫情采取的社交距离措施，许多患有神经发育障碍的儿童无法接受面对面治疗。远程康复在此时作为一种替代治疗工具得以发展。在本研究中，我们分析了神经发育障碍的远程认知康复。
这是一项前瞻性、准实验性（前后对照）研究，纳入了22例患有神经发育障碍的患者（平均年龄9.41岁），他们接受了超过六个月的远程康复治疗。
经过六个月的远程康复治疗，在以下方面发现了具有统计学意义的显著改善且效应量较大：注意力（持续性、选择性和分散性）、执行功能（言语和视觉工作记忆、分类、处理速度）、视觉空间技能（空间定向、知觉整合、感知、同时失认）和语言（理解和表达）。在韦斯功能损害量表上，所有领域（家庭、学习和学校、自我概念、日常生活活动、风险活动）均有统计学意义的改善。我们发现治疗疗程数量与执行功能（视觉工作记忆、处理速度）、注意力（持续性注意力、分散性注意力）和视觉空间技能（空间定向、知觉整合、感知、同时失认）方面观察到的改善之间存在正相关。我们未发现家庭结构与进行的疗程数量之间存在统计学意义。家长对改善和满意度的感知程度较高。
远程康复是一种安全的替代工具，虽然它不能替代面对面治疗，但可以在患有神经发育障碍的儿童中实现显著的认知和功能改善。
