SOCS3 Acts as an Onco-immunological Biomarker With Value in Assessing the Tumor Microenvironment, Pathological Staging, Histological Subtypes, Therapeutic Effect, and Prognoses of Several Types of Cancer.

The suppressor of cytokine signaling () family contains eight members, including and , and has been shown to inhibit cytokine signal transduction in various signaling pathways. Although several studies have currently shown the correlations between and several types of cancer, no pan-cancer analysis is available to date. We used various computational tools to explore the expression and pathogenic roles of in several types of cancer, assessing its potential role in the pathogenesis of cancer, in tumor immune infiltration, tumor progression, immune evasion, therapeutic response, and prognostic. The results showed that was downregulated in most The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cancer datasets but was highly expressed in brain tumors, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, and lymphoma. High expression in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and brain lower-grade glioma (LGG) were verified through immunohistochemical experiments. GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier Plotter were used, and this bioinformatics analysis showed that high expression was associated with a poor prognosis in the majority of cancers, including LGG and GBM. Our analysis also indicated that may be involved in tumor immune evasion immune cell infiltration or T-cell exclusion across different types of cancer. In addition, methylation was negatively correlated with expression levels, worse prognoses, and dysfunctional T-cell phenotypes in various types of cancer. Next, different analytical methods were used to select genes related to gene alterations and carcinogenic characteristics, such as , , , , , , , , and , and several biological functions were identified between them. We found that was involved in cancer development primarily through the signaling pathway and cytokine receptor activity. Furthermore, expression levels were associated with immunotherapy or chemotherapy for numerous types of cancer. In conclusion, this study showed that is an immune-oncogenic molecule that may possess value as a biomarker for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of several types of cancer in the future.