Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
ORL-HNS Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Pain Res Manag. 2022 May 11;2022:7480579. doi: 10.1155/2022/7480579. eCollection 2022.
The present study explores the underlying factors of cognitive abilities in relation to the expression of adiponectin and nitric oxide, fatigue, and other cofounder variables such as physical activity, diabetes, and adiposity status in healthy home-resident mature and older adults.
Fatigue has been shown to be correlated with many metabolic and psychiatric conditions, such as cognitive, neurological, musculoskeletal, and hormonal disorders, as well as physical and unhealthy lifestyles.
A total of 85 home residents aged 50-85 years participated in this case-control study. Mental, fatigue, and pain status were assessed by the cognitive assessment (LOTCA), fatigue questionnaire (CIS20r), and pain score (0-10). VO max and the prevalidated global physical activity questionnaire were used to estimate physical status. The levels of adiponectin, nitric oxide (NO), and variables related to diabetes, such as blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c %), were assessed using ELISA and spectrophotometric immunoassays.
The participants were classified according to the CIS-fatigue score into two groups: the healthy group ( = 40) and the fatigue group ( = 45). In fatigued subjects, LOTCA scores as a measure of cognitive performance significantly decreased (65.97 ± 7.17; = 0.01) as compared with healthy subjects (LOTCA scores, 94.2 ± 7.5). The results of cognitive performance domains (LOTCA seven-subset scores) showed a significant decrease in the scores of orientation, visual perception, spatial perception, motor praxis, vasomotor organization, thinking operations, attention, and concentration in older subjects with fatigue compared with healthy subjects. In addition, pain scores significantly increased, and the expression of both nitric oxide (NO) and adiponectin significantly reduced in older adults with fatigue as compared with healthy controls. The decline in cognitive abilities among older adults with fatigue is significantly associated with the CIS-fatigue score, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, pain status, diabetes, and reduction in the levels of nitric oxide (NO), and adiponectin. Moreover, in fatigued cases, the expression of both NO and adiponectin was significantly correlated with CIS-fatigue score, physical activity, obesity, and diabetes, which indicates its availability as diagnostic markers for cognition in mature and older adults with fatigue.
In the present study, the data concluded that cognitive abilities were significantly associated with the lower expression of adiponectin and NO as endothelial vascular markers in association with fatigue among home-resident older adults. In addition, the reduction in cognition was significantly affected by other parameters, such as diabetes, obesity, and unhealthy sedentary life activities. Moreover, the results might recommend the use of cellular adiponectin and NO as diagnostic indicators of cognitive abilities in fatigued mature and older adults. However, more studies on larger sample sizes are required.
本研究旨在探讨与脂联素和一氧化氮表达相关的认知能力的潜在因素，以及在健康的居家居住的成熟和老年人群体中，疲劳和其他混杂变量（如身体活动、糖尿病和肥胖状况）之间的关系。
已经表明疲劳与许多代谢和精神状况相关，如认知、神经、肌肉骨骼和激素紊乱，以及身体和不健康的生活方式。
共有 85 名年龄在 50-85 岁的居家居民参与了这项病例对照研究。通过认知评估（LOTCA）、疲劳问卷（CIS20r）和疼痛评分（0-10）评估精神、疲劳和疼痛状况。使用最大摄氧量和经过验证的全球体力活动问卷来估计身体状况。使用 ELISA 和分光光度免疫测定法评估脂联素、一氧化氮（NO）以及与糖尿病相关的变量（如血糖和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c%））的水平。
根据 CIS 疲劳评分，参与者被分为两组：健康组（n=40）和疲劳组（n=45）。在疲劳组中，作为认知表现衡量标准的 LOTCA 评分显著降低（65.97±7.17；p=0.01），而健康组的 LOTCA 评分则为 94.2±7.5。认知表现领域（LOTCA 七子集评分）的结果显示，与健康对照组相比，疲劳的老年受试者的定向、视觉感知、空间感知、运动操作、血管运动组织、思维操作、注意力和集中力的评分显著降低。此外，与健康对照组相比，老年疲劳者的疼痛评分显著增加，一氧化氮（NO）和脂联素的表达也显著降低。此外，在疲劳的老年人群中，认知能力的下降与 CIS 疲劳评分、久坐不动的生活方式、肥胖、疼痛状况、糖尿病以及一氧化氮（NO）和脂联素水平的降低显著相关。此外，在疲劳病例中，NO 和脂联素的表达与 CIS 疲劳评分、身体活动、肥胖和糖尿病显著相关，这表明它们可用作成熟和老年疲劳人群认知能力的诊断标志物。
在本研究中，数据表明，在居家居住的老年人群体中，认知能力与作为内皮血管标志物的脂联素和一氧化氮（NO）的表达降低显著相关，同时还与疲劳有关。此外，认知能力的下降还受到其他参数的显著影响，如糖尿病、肥胖和不健康的久坐不动的生活方式。此外，结果可能推荐将细胞脂联素和一氧化氮（NO）用作疲劳的成熟和老年人群认知能力的诊断指标。然而，需要更大样本量的进一步研究。
