Mohammadi Sobhan, Keshteli Ammar Hassanzadeh, Saneei Parvane, Afshar Hamid, Esmaillzadeh Ahmad, Adibi Peyman
Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Front Nutr. 2022 May 6;9:841282. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.841282. eCollection 2022.
The association between linoleic acid (LA) intake and mental disorders has not been extensively studied in Middle-Eastern populations. We investigated the association between LA intake and the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress in a large group of Iranian adults.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3,362 middle-aged adults. LA intake was determined through a validated dish-based 106-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used to define psychological disorders.
The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress among the study population was 28.6, 13.6, and 22.6%, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals in the top quartile of LA intake had 41% more likely to be depressed compared to those in the bottom quartile (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.02-1.95). Stratified analysis by sex revealed that men in the fourth quartile of LA intake, compared to the first quartile, had 80% higher odds of depression, after considering all potential confounders (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.01-3.19). More consumption of LA was also associated with higher odds of depression in older adults (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.46-4.10) and normal-weight individuals (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.13-2.72). Additionally, higher intake of LA was related to 90% higher odds of psychological distress in older participants (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.08-3.36). No significant relation was found between LA intake and anxiety.
We found that higher intake of LA, as percentage of energy, was positively associated with depression, especially in men, older adults, and normal-weight subjects. Higher intake of LA was also related to higher odds of psychological distress in older individuals. More studies, particularly prospective cohorts, are needed to confirm these findings.
在中东人群中，亚油酸（LA）摄入量与精神障碍之间的关联尚未得到广泛研究。我们调查了一大群伊朗成年人中LA摄入量与抑郁症、焦虑症及心理困扰患病率之间的关联。
这项横断面研究针对3362名中年成年人开展。LA摄入量通过经过验证的基于菜肴的106项半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）来确定。使用经过验证的医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）和一般健康问卷（GHQ）来定义心理障碍。
研究人群中抑郁症、焦虑症及心理困扰的患病率分别为28.6%、13.6%和22.6%。在对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，LA摄入量处于最高四分位数的个体患抑郁症的可能性比处于最低四分位数的个体高41%（比值比[OR]=1.41，95%置信区间[CI]：1.02 - 1.95）。按性别进行分层分析显示，在考虑所有潜在混杂因素后，LA摄入量处于第四四分位数的男性与第一四分位数的男性相比，患抑郁症的几率高80%（OR = 1.80，95% CI：1.01 - 3.19）。更多的LA摄入也与老年人（OR = 2.45，95% CI：1.46 - 4.10）和正常体重个体（OR = 1.75，95% CI：1.13 - 2.72）患抑郁症的较高几率相关。此外，在老年参与者中，较高的LA摄入量与心理困扰几率高90%相关（OR = 1.90，95% CI：1.08 - 3.36）。未发现LA摄入量与焦虑之间存在显著关联。
我们发现较高的LA能量占比摄入量与抑郁症呈正相关，尤其是在男性、老年人和正常体重受试者中。较高的LA摄入量也与老年人心理困扰几率较高相关。需要更多研究，特别是前瞻性队列研究，来证实这些发现。
