Beer Lesleigh C, Petrone-Garcia Victor M, Graham B Danielle, Hargis Billy M, Tellez-Isaias Guillermo, Vuong Christine N
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, AR, United States.
Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 May 6;9:880738. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.880738. eCollection 2022.
, the etiological agent of histomonosis, is a poultry parasite primarily detrimental to turkeys. Characteristic lesions occur in the liver and ceca, with mortalities in turkey flocks often reaching 80-100%. Chickens and other gallinaceous birds can be susceptible but the disease was primarily considered sub-clinical until recent years. Treating and preventing infection have become more difficult since 2015, when nitarsone was voluntarily removed from the market, leaving the poultry industry with no approved prophylactics, therapeutics, or vaccines to combat histomonosis. Phytogenic compounds evaluated for chemoprophylaxis of histomonosis have varied results with and experiments. Some recent research successes are encouraging for the pursuit of antihistomonal compounds derived from plants. Turkeys and chickens exhibit a level of resistance to re-infection when recovered from infection, but no commercial vaccines are yet available, despite experimental successes. Safety and stability of live-attenuated isolates have been demonstrated; furthermore, highly efficacious protection has been conferred in experimental settings with administration of these isolates without harming performance. Taken together, these research advancements are encouraging for vaccine development, but further investigation is necessary to evaluate proper administration age, dose, and route. A summary of the published research is provided in this review.
组织滴虫病的病原体是一种主要对火鸡有害的家禽寄生虫。其特征性病变发生在肝脏和盲肠，火鸡群的死亡率通常达到80% - 100%。鸡和其他雉科鸟类可能易感，但直到近年来该病主要被认为是亚临床的。自2015年硝羟喹啉自愿退出市场以来，治疗和预防感染变得更加困难，这使得家禽业没有批准的预防药、治疗药或疫苗来对抗组织滴虫病。对用于组织滴虫病化学预防的植物源化合物进行的体外和体内实验结果各异。最近的一些研究成功对于从植物中寻找抗组织滴虫化合物是令人鼓舞的。火鸡和鸡从组织滴虫感染中恢复后对再次感染表现出一定程度的抵抗力，但尽管实验取得成功，仍没有商业疫苗可用。已证明减毒活分离株的安全性和稳定性；此外，在实验环境中给予这些分离株可提供高效保护且不影响生产性能。综上所述，这些研究进展对疫苗开发是令人鼓舞的，但需要进一步研究以评估合适的接种年龄、剂量和途径。本综述提供了已发表研究的总结。
