Zhang Zhinuo, Tang Yulong, Chen Xiyue, Lin Xinyi, Tao Jiaheng
Institute of Applied Psychology, College of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
Front Psychol. 2022 May 4;13:850479. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.850479. eCollection 2022.
China is getting old before it gets rich. Among women of childbearing age, there seems to be little interest in having multiple children, and parenting stress may be one of the reasons. There are differences in the parenting stress felt by mothers with one child and those with two, but there is no questionnaire specifically aimed at the parenting stress felt by mothers of multiples in China. The purpose of the present study is to develop and verify a questionnaire specifically aimed at measuring the stress of two-child mothers in the Chinese context. We chose mothers as participants who were younger than 50 years old and their second child were younger than 18 years old as participants. The initial questionnaire was created after analyzing the results of 83 participants' open questionnaires and 16 participants' qualitative interviews. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were conducted with 279 participants. The final questionnaire was created after conducting reliability and validity tests on the responses of 263 participants to 23 items on the questionnaire covering four factors: characteristics of mother, environmental factor, characteristics of child, and relationship between the two siblings. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the four-factor model fit well (χ/ = 2.00, CFI = 0.91, TLI = 0.90, SRMR = 0.06, RMSEA = 0.06). McDonald's omega coefficients and split-half reliability coefficients both ranged from 0.50 to 0.95. The questionnaire scores were significantly positively correlated with parental burnout, the regret of having a second child and parenting stress, and were significantly negatively correlated with the intention of having a third child and support for the three-child policy. Overall, the present study confirmed the reliability and validity of the parenting stress questionnaire for two-child mothers, which can be used to measure the parenting stress experienced by mothers of multiples in China.
中国未富先老。在育龄女性中，生育多个孩子的意愿似乎不高，育儿压力可能是原因之一。一孩母亲和二孩母亲所感受到的育儿压力存在差异，但在中国，尚无专门针对多孩母亲育儿压力的问卷。本研究的目的是开发并验证一份专门用于测量中国背景下二孩母亲压力的问卷。我们选取年龄小于50岁且其第二个孩子小于18岁的母亲作为参与者。在分析了83名参与者的开放式问卷结果和16名参与者的定性访谈结果后，创建了初始问卷。对279名参与者进行了项目分析和探索性因素分析。在对263名参与者对问卷中涵盖母亲特征、环境因素、孩子特征以及两个孩子之间关系这四个因素的23个项目的回答进行信效度检验后，创建了最终问卷。验证性因素分析结果表明，四因素模型拟合良好（χ²/df = 2.00，CFI = 0.91，TLI = 0.90，SRMR = 0.06，RMSEA = 0.06）。麦克唐纳ω系数和分半信度系数均在0.50至0.95之间。问卷得分与父母倦怠、生育二孩的遗憾和育儿压力显著正相关，与生育三孩的意愿和对三孩政策的支持显著负相关。总体而言，本研究证实了二孩母亲育儿压力问卷的信效度，该问卷可用于测量中国多孩母亲所经历的育儿压力。
