Button Patrick, Khan Mashfiqur R, Penn Mary
Department of Economics, Tulane University, NBER, and IZA.
Bates White Economic Consulting.
J Econ Ageing. 2022 Jun;22. doi: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2022.100370. Epub 2022 Jan 22.
The United States Social Security Amendments of 1983 increased the full retirement age and penalties for retiring before that age. This increased Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) applications by making SSDI relatively more generous. We explore if state disability and age discrimination laws moderated these spillovers, using variation whereby many state laws are broader or stronger than federal law. We estimate the effects of these laws on SSDI applications and receipt using a difference-in-differences approach. We find that a broader definition of disability, where only a medically diagnosed condition is required to be covered under state law, along with being able to sue for more damages under state disability discrimination law, are both associated with a significant reduction in induced SSDI applications and receipts. We also find some evidence that some features of state disability discrimination laws are also associated with increased employment, especially for women. While we find some positive association between age discrimination laws and employment effects, we do not find any moderating effect of age discrimination laws on SSDI.
1983年的美国社会保障修正案提高了全额退休年龄，并加大了对提前退休的处罚力度。这使得社会保障残疾保险（SSDI）相对更为慷慨，从而增加了SSDI申请数量。我们利用许多州法律比联邦法律更宽泛或更严格这一差异，探讨州残疾和年龄歧视法是否缓和了这些溢出效应。我们采用差分法估计这些法律对SSDI申请和领取的影响。我们发现，更宽泛的残疾定义（即州法律仅要求涵盖医学诊断的病症），以及能够依据州残疾歧视法起诉要求更多损害赔偿，都与诱导性SSDI申请和领取数量的显著减少相关。我们还发现一些证据表明，州残疾歧视法的某些特征也与就业增加相关，尤其是对女性而言。虽然我们发现年龄歧视法与就业效应之间存在一些正相关关系，但未发现年龄歧视法对SSDI有任何缓和作用。
