Martinez Sarah C, Coons John M, Mehls Kelton D
Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Department of Health and Human Performance, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2023 Jun;23(6):975-982. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2081093. Epub 2022 Jun 13.
The aim of this study was to compare gluteus maximus-to-hamstring (GM:H) co-activation, hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H:Q) co-activation, and mean muscle activity in the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RM), gluteus maximus (GM), semitendinosus (ST), and bicep femoris (BF) muscles across a range of training loads (40%, 50%, 50%, 70%, 80% 90% 1RM) of the barbell back squat in resistance trained females. Surface electromyography (EMG) was observed in 18 healthy resistance trained females for the VL, VM, RM, GM, ST, and BF during the ascending and descending phase of the back squat. During the ascending phase, the VL, VM, RM, GM, ST, and BF displayed significantly more EMG activation at 90% 1RM compared to 40%-70% ( < .03). During the descending phase, there were no significant differences displayed in mean muscle activity at 40%-80% of 1RM compared to 90% of 1RM. There were no significant differences in H-Q co-activation and GM-H co-activation during the ascending or descending phase across external loads. These findings are similar to the results found in similar studies using male participants and support that higher training intensities (80%-90% 1RM) of the barbell back squat significantly activate muscles surrounding the hip compared to lower loads (40%-70%). The results of this study also suggest that training intensities of 80% 1RM and 90% 1RM elicits the similar musculature activation in the muscle surrounding the hip in resistance trained females.During the back squat, mean muscle activity of the hip and leg muscles increased linearly with exercise intensity (40%-90% of one-repetition max) in resistance trained females.No significant difference in mean activity were noted between 80% and 90% of one-repetition max during the ascending and descending phases.During the ascending phase, 80% of one-repetition max generated the highest gluteus maximus to hamstring activity co-activation ratio.During the descending phase, 40% of one-repetition max produced a gluteus maximus to hamstring activity co-activation ratio closest to 1.0.
本研究的目的是比较抗阻训练女性在一系列杠铃后深蹲训练负荷（40%、50%、50%、70%、80%、90% 1RM）下，臀大肌与腘绳肌（GM:H）的共同激活、腘绳肌与股四头肌（H:Q）的共同激活，以及股外侧肌（VL）、股内侧肌（VM）、股直肌（RM）、臀大肌（GM）、半腱肌（ST）和股二头肌（BF）的平均肌肉活动。对18名健康的抗阻训练女性在进行后深蹲的上升和下降阶段时的VL、VM、RM、GM、ST和BF进行表面肌电图（EMG）观察。在上升阶段，与40%-70% 1RM相比，VL、VM、RM、GM、ST和BF在90% 1RM时的EMG激活明显更多（P < 0.03）。在下降阶段，1RM的40%-80%与9 of 1RM相比，平均肌肉活动没有显著差异。在上升或下降阶段，不同外部负荷下H-Q共同激活和GM-H共同激活没有显著差异。这些发现与使用男性参与者的类似研究结果相似，并支持与较低负荷（40%-70%）相比，杠铃后深蹲的较高训练强度（80%-90% 1RM）能显著激活髋部周围的肌肉。本研究结果还表明，80% 1RM和90% 1RM的训练强度在抗阻训练女性中引起髋部周围肌肉相似的肌肉激活。在后深蹲过程中，抗阻训练女性髋部和腿部肌肉的平均肌肉活动随运动强度（一次重复最大值的40%-90%）呈线性增加。在上升和下降阶段，一次重复最大值的80%和90%之间的平均活动没有显著差异。在上升阶段，一次重复最大值的80%产生最高的臀大肌与腘绳肌活动共同激活率。在下降阶段，一次重复最大值的40%产生最接近1.0的臀大肌与腘绳肌活动共同激活率。
