BCCM/IHEM, Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
Laboratory of Microbiology and BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent Universitygrid.5342.0, Ghent, Belgium.
mSystems. 2022 Jun 28;7(3):e0150021. doi: 10.1128/msystems.01500-21. Epub 2022 May 23.
is a genus of that lives in the gut of honeybees ( spp.) and bumblebees ( spp). It is part of a conserved microbiome that is composed of a few core phylotypes and is essential for bee health and metabolism. Phylogenomic analyses using whole-genome sequences of 75 strains from 4 species of honeybees and 14 species of bumblebees showed that these strains formed a monophyletic lineage within the family, that isolates from Asian honeybees diverged early from the other species in their evolution, that isolates from honeybees and bumblebees were well separated, and that this genus consists of at least seven species. We propose to formally name two new species that were isolated from bumblebees: i.e., Snodgrassella gandavensis sp. nov. and Snodgrassella communis sp. nov. Possible evolutionary scenarios for 107 species- or group-specific genes revealed very limited evidence for horizontal gene transfer. Functional analyses revealed the importance of small proteins, defense mechanisms, amino acid transport and metabolism, inorganic ion transport and metabolism and carbohydrate transport and metabolism among these 107 specific genes. The microbiome of honeybees ( spp.) and bumblebees ( spp.) is highly conserved and represented by few phylotypes. This simplicity in taxon composition makes the bee's microbiome an emergent model organism for the study of gut microbial communities. Since the description of the genus, which was isolated from the gut of honeybees and bumblebees in 2013, a single species (i.e., Snodgrassella alvi), has been named. Here, we demonstrate that this genus is actually composed of at least seven species, two of which (Snodgrassella gandavensis sp. nov. and Snodgrassella communis sp. nov.) are formally described and named in the present publication. We also report the presence of 107 genes specific to species, showing notably the importance of small proteins and defense mechanisms in this genus.
是生活在蜜蜂（ spp.）和熊蜂（ spp.）肠道中的一个属。它是一个保守的微生物组的一部分，由少数核心型组成，对蜜蜂的健康和新陈代谢至关重要。使用来自 4 种蜜蜂和 14 种熊蜂的 75 株的全基因组序列进行的系统基因组分析表明，这些菌株在 科内形成了一个单系谱系，来自亚洲蜜蜂的 分离株在进化早期与其他物种分化，来自蜜蜂和熊蜂的分离株分离良好，并且该属至少由七个物种组成。我们建议正式命名两种从熊蜂中分离出来的新 物种：即，Snodgrassella gandavensis sp. nov. 和 Snodgrassella communis sp. nov. 对 107 种物种或组特异性基因的可能进化情景的分析显示，水平基因转移的证据非常有限。功能分析揭示了这些 107 个特定基因中的小蛋白、防御机制、氨基酸运输和代谢、无机离子运输和代谢以及碳水化合物运输和代谢的重要性。蜜蜂（ spp.）和熊蜂（ spp.）的微生物组高度保守，由少数型组成。这种在分类组成上的简单性使蜜蜂的微生物组成为肠道微生物群落研究的新兴模式生物。自 2013 年从蜜蜂和熊蜂肠道中分离出的 属被描述以来，仅命名了一个物种（即，Snodgrassella alvi）。在这里，我们证明该属实际上由至少七个物种组成，其中两个（Snodgrassella gandavensis sp. nov. 和 Snodgrassella communis sp. nov.）在本出版物中被正式描述和命名。我们还报告了 107 种物种特异性基因的存在，这些基因特别显示了小蛋白和防御机制在该属中的重要性。
