Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Jun;28(6):1180-1188. doi: 10.3201/eid2806.212223.
We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the effect vaccination with the live-attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-Zaire Ebola virus vaccine had on deaths among patients who had laboratory-confirmed Ebola virus disease (EVD). We included EVD-positive patients coming to an Ebola Treatment Center in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo during 2018-2020. Overall, 25% of patients vaccinated before symptom onset died compared with 63% of unvaccinated patients. Vaccinated patients reported fewer EVD-associated symptoms, had reduced time to clearance of viral load, and had reduced length of stay at the Ebola Treatment Center. After controlling for confounders, vaccination was strongly associated with decreased deaths. Reduction in deaths was not affected by timing of vaccination before or after EVD exposure. These findings support use of preexposure and postexposure recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-Zaire Ebola virus vaccine as an intervention associated with improved death rates, illness, and recovery time among patients with EVD.
我们进行了一项回顾性队列研究，评估了活减毒重组水疱性口炎病毒-扎伊尔埃博拉病毒疫苗对实验室确诊埃博拉病毒病（EVD）患者死亡的影响。我们纳入了 2018 年至 2020 年期间在刚果民主共和国东部埃博拉治疗中心就诊的 EVD 阳性患者。总体而言，发病前接种疫苗的患者中有 25%死亡，而未接种疫苗的患者中有 63%死亡。接种疫苗的患者报告的 EVD 相关症状较少，病毒载量清除时间缩短，在埃博拉治疗中心的住院时间缩短。在控制混杂因素后，疫苗接种与死亡率降低密切相关。疫苗接种的时间（发病前或发病后）对降低死亡率没有影响。这些发现支持使用重组水疱性口炎病毒-扎伊尔埃博拉病毒疫苗进行暴露前和暴露后预防，作为一种干预措施，可以提高 EVD 患者的死亡率、疾病严重程度和康复时间。
