Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Toxicon. 2022 Jul 30;214:130-135. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.05.039. Epub 2022 May 22.
Hymenoptera stings are one of the most common causes of anaphylaxis. Vespa orientalis (red hornet) is a common and very aggressive hymenopteran endemic in central and southern areas of Iran. Allergy testing and venom immunotherapies are carried out with venom components which are expensive, have limited commercial availability, and often lack specificity. Although proteomic analysis of hymenopteran venom has been shown to be a powerful technique to identify allergens, data on the protein components of V. orientalis venom are lacking.
This study was designed to characterize the allergenome profile (proteome of allergenic proteins) of this local hornet venom.
Venom was extracted from V. orientalis worker venom sacs. The venom constituents were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). Protein components were blotted and probed with serum from 10 allergic patients by immunoblotting. Reactive spots were isolated and characterized by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.
A total of 195 protein spots were detected on the 2DE gels. Fifteen distinct venom proteins showed reactivity to IgE in patients' sera. Four major allergens in order of allergenicity in patients were identified as hyaluronidase, arginine kinase, phospholipase A1 (PLA1) and PLA1 magnifin.
Broadening our knowledge of V. orientalis venom constituents can contribute to improvements in diagnostic and immunotherapeutic techniques, both of which are dependent on the major allergens in venom extract. This information is also potentially helpful to develop medical uses of major allergens in this venom to improve the diagnostic specificity and the efficacy of immunotherapy.
膜翅目昆虫螫伤是过敏反应最常见的原因之一。东方大黄蜂（红火蚁）是一种常见且极具攻击性的膜翅目昆虫，分布于伊朗中部和南部地区。过敏测试和毒液免疫疗法是使用毒液成分进行的，这些毒液成分昂贵、商业供应有限，且往往缺乏特异性。尽管膜翅目毒液的蛋白质组分析已被证明是一种鉴定过敏原的强大技术，但缺乏有关东方大黄蜂毒液的蛋白质成分的数据。
本研究旨在描述这种本地大黄蜂毒液的变应原组图谱（变应原蛋白的蛋白质组）。
从东方大黄蜂工蜂毒囊中提取毒液。采用二维凝胶电泳（2DE）分离毒液成分。用免疫印迹法将蛋白质成分印迹并与 10 名过敏患者的血清进行探测。用液相色谱串联质谱法分离和鉴定反应性斑点。
在 2DE 凝胶上共检测到 195 个蛋白质斑点。15 种不同的毒液蛋白与患者血清中的 IgE 发生反应。根据患者的变应原性，4 种主要过敏原依次为透明质酸酶、精氨酸激酶、磷脂酶 A1（PLA1）和 PLA1 放大因子。
扩大对东方大黄蜂毒液成分的认识有助于改进诊断和免疫治疗技术，这两者都依赖于毒液提取物中的主要过敏原。这些信息还有助于开发这种毒液中主要过敏原的医学用途，以提高诊断的特异性和免疫治疗的疗效。
