Sujanani Rahul, Landsman Matthew R, Jiao Sally, Moon Joshua D, Shell M Scott, Lawler Desmond F, Katz Lynn E, Freeman Benny D
McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.
Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 301 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.
ACS Macro Lett. 2020 Nov 17;9(11):1709-1717. doi: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00710. Epub 2020 Nov 8.
Treatment of nontraditional source waters (e.g., produced water, municipal and industrial wastewaters, agricultural runoff) offers exciting opportunities to expand water and energy resources via water reuse and resource recovery. While conventional polymer membranes perform water/ion separations well, they do not provide solute-specific separation, a key component for these treatment opportunities. Herein, we discuss the selectivity limitations plaguing all conventional membranes, which include poor removal of small, neutral solutes and insufficient discrimination between ions of the same valence. Moreover, we present synthetic approaches for solute-tailored selectivity including the incorporation of single-digit nanopores and solute-selective ligands into membranes. Recent progress in these areas highlights the need for fundamental studies to rationally design membranes with selective moieties achieving desired separations.
处理非传统水源（如采出水、城市和工业废水、农业径流）为通过水的再利用和资源回收来扩大水资源和能源提供了令人兴奋的机会。虽然传统聚合物膜在水/离子分离方面表现良好，但它们不能提供溶质特异性分离，而这是这些处理机会的关键组成部分。在此，我们讨论困扰所有传统膜的选择性限制，包括对小的中性溶质去除效果不佳以及对同价离子的区分不足。此外，我们还介绍了针对溶质定制选择性的合成方法，包括将个位数纳米孔和溶质选择性配体纳入膜中。这些领域的最新进展凸显了进行基础研究以合理设计具有选择性部分从而实现所需分离的膜的必要性。
