Klimasmith Isaac M, Kent Angela D
Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Trends Microbiol. 2022 Nov;30(11):1045-1055. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.04.006. Epub 2022 May 23.
While large inputs of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers enable our current rate of crop production and feed a growing global population, these fertilizers come at a heavy environmental cost. Driven by microbial processes, excess applied nitrogen is lost from agroecosystems as nitrate and nitrous oxide (NO) contaminating aquatic ecosystems and contributing to climate change. Interest in nitrogen-fixing microorganisms as an alternative to synthetic fertilizers is rapidly accelerating. Microbial inoculants offer the promise of a sustainable and affordable source of nitrogen, but the impact of inoculants on nitrogen dynamics at an ecosystem level is not fully understood. This review synthesizes recent studies on microbial inoculants as tools for nutrient management and considers the ramifications of inoculants for nitrogen transformations beyond fixation.
虽然大量投入合成氮肥使我们能够维持当前的作物产量，并养活不断增长的全球人口，但这些肥料付出了沉重的环境代价。在微生物过程的驱动下，过量施用的氮以硝酸盐和一氧化二氮（N₂O）的形式从农业生态系统中流失，污染了水生生态系统并加剧了气候变化。作为合成肥料的替代品，对固氮微生物的兴趣正在迅速升温。微生物接种剂有望成为可持续且经济实惠的氮源，但接种剂对生态系统水平氮动态的影响尚未完全明确。本综述综合了关于微生物接种剂作为养分管理工具的最新研究，并探讨了接种剂除固氮作用外对氮转化的影响。
